David’s Oath of the Horatii :: Art Analysis History

Davids Oath of the HoratiiPainted in Rome in the style of Neo-Classicism, Jacques Louis Davids Oath of the Horatii is one of the better-known examples of art produced by this artificer of eclectic styles. This painting was hailed as the partifesto of a new school based on the fervent study of the antique and a return to authorized techniques in the late 18th century. In this painting, completed in 1785 as an oil on canvas, David (DA-VEED) successfully coalesces the nascent and confused ideology of the Neo-Classical movement in a dramatic portrayal of the Horatii brothers swearing their allegiance to the state as their father stands with swords held high for them to grasp. An analysis of the paintings historical background, and an evaluation of the lines, colors, and drug-addicted matter, will illustrate why Oath of the Horatii represents the defining characteristics of the Neo-Classical period.David enrolled in the Acadmie Royal in 1766, when he was eighteen. In 1769 he compe ted for the first time in the Prix de Rome, and lost. It was not until his fifth attempt in 1774 that he finally won with his Antiochus and Stratonice. The Academy maintained a branch in Rome and winners of the Prix were sent there on a fellowship to continue their studies. David returned to France in 1779 as a well-skilledif not yet well-knownartist and was able to display some work in the Salon. Over the next five years he gained notice as a supreme draftsman in studio nudes and as a man able to project classicism similar to Poussin. His work also appealed to the didactic philosophers of the Age of Reason. (Harber, 2)In 1784 David received a commission from the Comte dAngiviller (the head supervisory program of all build and construction under the King of France, Louis XVI) for a painting based on a Corneillian subject. Corneilles play, Horace, was being performed in Paris at this time. Oath of the Horatii was started in Paris, but David felt he needed to be immersed in the ambiance and culture of Rome to complete it. The painting created a flair when first exhibited in Rome of 1885, and was seen as an allegorical cry for a variety in France. Indeed, it was only four more years until the French Revolution was underway. The painting is now kept in the Louvre, Paris.

5.7 Liter Supersport :: English Literature Essays

5.7 Liter SupersportFinally Almost there. Ive been in this pick-up truck driving to work for the past 20 minutes, yet it seems like hours and hours realise passed. Its really hot outside and this old truck doesnt even have air conditioning. Anyways, the reason why Im riding in this broke down pick-up truck is because my dad is giving me a ride to work, his liquor store. Now I already know what everyone is probably thinking, 18 year-old guy without a car, still having daddy take you everywhere. Well, not anymore because Im meeting this gentlemen for a test-drive on his really nice car. O.K. dad, you presumet have to slow down before even getting in the parking lot. I know youre just trying to hinder the task at hand, huh Shut up Sunny, your ass could wait a few more seconds preservet it and one more thing, dont act so desperate in front of the guy, O.K.? Make him want to sell you the car, not you desperately wanting it. This right here is very normal of my dad to try giving me advice. He does it every chance he gets. So just like every other situation, I give him my frequent reply. Aright pops quit trippin I got this, aight? My dad just laughs pulling into a parking spot right in front of our liquor store. Its in a pretty rough area. The area has been known for its weekly shootings by the local gang-members. To the side of the store I notice the car out of the break of my eye. It looks just like the picture I saw on the internet. I get out of the truck faster then Marion Jones sprinting so I can have a better look at the fine piece of machinery. My dad goes into the store to look for the guy. From just looking at the car, my heart is melting. I could stare at this car for days. A 2001 Chevy SuperSport Camaro, a Corvette powered sports-car that was going to be mine. Ive been researching this car for the last three years, and now I finally have earned the opportunity to buy this car. Now what was it my dad was telling me? Oh thats right, to not let him se e me drooling over the car. I know that Jim told me he wants to sell his car for twenty-eight thousand five hundred dollars, but it seems a little steep.

Developmental Psychology :: Psychology Psychological Essays

Developmental Psychology T here(predicate) are three main theories of development that I shall discuss in this assignment, Cognitive, the main theorist being, Piaget, (1896 - 1980), The, Psychosocial Theory, Erikson, (1902 - 1994), and, The Psychosexual, of, Freud, (1856 - 1939).Cognitive Psychology draws the comparison between the human mind and a computer, suggesting that we like the computer process the information we acquire from some us and then react accordingly. Hearnshaw, (1987), claims that Cognitive Psychology is both one of the oldest and also one of the newest parts of Psychology, cited in ?T. Malim?, (1994). Information is collected through our senses i.e. vision, touch, nip etc and then processed through our brain. Cognitive Psychologists largely listenk explanations of Cognitive development, memory, attention, artificial intelligence, perception and social cognition. The methods used are usually Laboratory experiments below controlled circumstances i.e. memory test s, and, Case studies.Piaget, (J), (1896-1980), carried out case studies on his own children to study the acts of cognitive development. Piaget concluded that the child was an organism which adapts to the environment, he also canvas with the opinion that all children went through the same set stages of development and that there were no individual differences.Piagets? Stages of Development - The Sensorimotor stage, (0-2) - Early in the sensorimotor stage the child is entirely egocentric, everything is an extension to the self, they can?t distinguish themselves from their environment. The child has no concept of past or future all it is aware of is the here and now. The child relies entirely on it?s senses i.e. sight, hearing, touch. It is believed by Cognitive Psychologists that ?.. ?To begin with, a baby will rely on in-built behaviours for sucking, crawling and watching? as cited in Moonie, N, (1995). A child does not understand that an object does not cease to exist when it is o ut of sight. However, in contradiction, Bower & Wishart, (1972), used infrared cameras to see what the child does when an object disappears. The child is shown a bottle in the light, when the child reaches to grasp the bottle the lights are turned out. Bower & Wishart recorded that the child move to reach for the bottle for up to 1.5minutes after the lights are turned out. Another point made by Piaget is that not only does the child look for an object, which is hidden, provided also the child will not look for it even if part of it is showing.

Marine Pollution: Causes and Solutions Essays -- Marine Biology

As the world develops and the human population grows there is more taint being dumped into the oceans, causing major problems to marine life and ecosystems. Major causes of marine contaminant involve non-point pollutants, marine garbage, toxic ocean pollutants and sewage disposal in oceans. From heavy metal poisoning including lead and mercury killing predators such as sharks and whales, to waste getting trapped in the digestive tracts of marine animals, this bear witness focuses on how human interference causes horrifying problems to the marine life, but also how to fix it. It will also explore the normal activities of people including farming and how this sens cause an imbalance in an ecosystem. Everyday activities can cause massive nutrient loading in an ecosystem, but by reducing the amount of swear out you do within the week, or using earth friendly washing detergents and fertilizers, this problem can be reduced. ocean Pollution CausesAquatic Bio conversionBiological diver sity is the variability among living organisms from many different sources including marine and aquatic ecosystems, and the diversity within species and of ecosystems. (Gray 1996) Some of the major components of marine biodiversity include genetic diversity, species diversity, functional diversity, fellowship and ecosystem diversity, and habitat diversity. There are numerous amounts of living creatures and plants under the waters surface that have not been identified. 90% of fish live attain the coral reefs, although only 1% or 17,650 of the life forms and species of the sea have been properly identified and studied. (Miller & Spoolman 2012). Toxic ocean pollutantsOne of the major causes of marine pollution is toxic ocean pollutants. Heavy metals such as ... ..., Biological Institute, University of Oslo, Norway, viewed on 28 April 2015, http//www.avesmarinhas.com.br/20%20-Harrison, RM 2001, Pollution Causes, Effects and Control, 4th edn, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK.Marine Polution Causes and Consequences, 2003, EMCBTAP-ENVIS Newsletter, Department of Geology, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, viewed 27 April 2015, Miller, G & Spoolman, S 2012, Living in the Environment, 17th edn, Brooke/Cole, Cengage Learning, USA.Nixon, SW 1995, Coastal Marine Eutrophication a Definition, Social Causes, and Future Concerns, Graduate crop of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, USA, viewed on 28 April 2015,

The Jacket by Gary Soto Essay -- Papers Essays

The Jacket by Gary SotoIn The Jacket Gary Soto uses symbolism to reflect on the characterization and development of the narrator. Soto seems to focus mainly on a jacket, which has several centres throughout the story. The jacket is used as a symbol to portray poverty, the narrators insecurity, and the narrators form of self-destruction.Since the story uses a certain object, the Jacket, as the meaning of several issues, it primarily focuses on the narrators poverty-stricken family. First of all, an example of the poverty is demonstrated when the narrator complains that the jacket was so ugly and big that I knew Id bring to wear it a long time(paragraph 3). It is clear that his lack of money was a problem in which he would have to keep the jacket because he could not afford a new one. The narrator then feels embarrassed and upset by the jacket by stating I blame my mother for her gravid taste and cheap ways(paragraph 10). By mentioning his mothers cheap ways he is conveying that he is aggravated because of his mothers option to choose bad and ugly garment in ord...

Divine Love in The Canonization Essay -- Canonization Essays

Divine Love in The Canonization   Describing the complexities of love, Pascal states that the heart has reasons which reason knows nothing of (qtd. in Bartlett 270). Similarly, in The Canonization by John Donne, the speaker unit argues that his unique love obtains reasons beyond the knowledge of the common man. The speaker relates his love to the canonization of saints. Therefore, he implies that his love is a elysian love. In The Canonization, the speaker conveys a love deserving of admiration and worthy of sainthood. In the poem, the lover describes his love as incomprehensible. In the heat of discussion, the lover insults his companions intelligence information with the statement, Take you a course, get you a place (5). The speaker implies that his auditor does not possess the adequate amount of intelligence necessary to understand his complex love. Resulting from the listeners critical comments concerning the speakers love, the speaker implores the listener to chid e him for his physical features or past mistakes in life. In other words, he tells the listener to deride him for his tangible and superficial flaws, rather than attempt to disparage the inner depths of a love relationship that the listener cannot comprehend. The speaker expresses the rarity of his love by stating that his love is his occupation and his sole purpose in life. In essence, his love becomes his calling, similar to a saints calling from God. Stressing his devotion to his lover, the speaker reveals an astute comparison amongst the professions of mankind to his own occupation of love Soldiers finde warres, and Lawyers finde out still / Litigious men, which quarrels move, / Though she and I do love (16-18). Similar to the profession... ...y embracing their isolation, they discover the gentleman through each others eyes Who did the whole world soule extract, and drove / Into the glasses of your eyes (40-41). Unlike the rest of the world, the two unique lovers find thei r true identities and high-minded desires through reckless abandonment of worldly views. The comparison between the artificial love of the listener and the divine love of the speaker represents another distinction in the two concepts of love. The divine love of the speaker offers complete devotion, intensity and immortality while artificial love of the listener maintains the placid position of peace. In essence, the love of the speaker creates a model for all other lovers that Beg from above / A patterne of your love (44-45). The love of the speaker in The Canonization proves to be a divine love relative to the saints.    

Divine Love in The Canonization Essay -- Canonization Essays

Divine Love in The Canonization   Describing the complexities of acknowledge, Pascal states that the heart has fences which reason knows nothing of (qtd. in Bartlett 270). Similarly, in The Canonization by John Donne, the speaker argues that his unique recognise obtains reasons beyond the knowledge of the common man. The speaker relates his love to the canonization of saints. Therefore, he implies that his love is a divine love. In The Canonization, the speaker conveys a love deserving of admiration and worthy of sainthood. In the poem, the lover describes his love as incomprehensible. In the heat of discussion, the lover insults his companions intelligence with the statement, Take you a course, get you a place (5). The speaker implies that his listener does not possess the satisfactory amount of intelligence necessary to understand his complex love. Resulting from the listeners critical comments concerning the speakers love, the speaker implores the listener to chide him for his physical features or past mistakes in life. In some other words, he tells the listener to deride him for his tangible and superficial flaws, rather than attempt to disparage the inner depths of a love relationship that the listener cannot comprehend. The speaker expresses the tenuity of his love by stating that his love is his occupation and his sole purpose in life. In essence, his love becomes his calling, similar to a saints calling from God. Stressing his devotion to his lover, the speaker reveals an penetrating comparison between the professions of mankind to his own occupation of love Soldiers recovere warres, and Lawyers finde out still / Litigious men, which quarrels move, / Though she and I do love (16-18). Similar to the profession... ...y encompass their isolation, they discover the world through each others eyes Who did the whole world soule extract, and drove / Into the glasses of your eyes (40-41). Unlike the rest of the world, the two unique lovers find their true identities and ideal desires through reckless abandonment of worldly views. The comparison between the artificial love of the listener and the divine love of the speaker represents some other distinction in the two concepts of love. The divine love of the speaker offers complete devotion, intensity and immortality while artificial love of the listener maintains the placid position of peace. In essence, the love of the speaker creates a model for all other lovers that Beg from above / A patterne of your love (44-45). The love of the speaker in The Canonization proves to be a divine love relative to the saints.    

World Religions Report In APA Style

Judaism is the Judaic religion. It is one of the oldest of the gr swallow up world religions, and is the m early(a) religion of both Christianity and Islam. Judaism was non founded by one towering personality, as were most other religions. Abraham and Moses ar not regarded as founders. Abraham was the beginner of the Hebrew people and Moses was the law-giver. With the destruction of Solomons temple at Jerusalem in 586 B. C. began the scattering of the Hebrews over numerous reposes. From then on Judaism developed as a religion without the priestly class of the ancient temple.Moreover, Judaism is one of the oldest beliefs that atomic number 18 still observed and practiced up to the present and considered as one of the first recorded monotheistic faiths. The Judaics esteems and history atomic number 18 the main part of the foundation of assorted Abrahamic religions like Christianity, Islam, Samaritanism and the Bahai Faith. In 2006, Judaisms devotees atomic number 18 appro ximately 14 million that makes Judaism faith as the eleventh-biggest organized religion globally. Unlike with other religions, Judaism is totally distinct in such a way that its central authority is not vested in any person or group scarce it abides in its writings and traditions.This would mean that Judaism religion does not start out a head or a draw that oversees them but they rather obey what is written in its writings and traditions. Moreover, the Judaism church is continually bound to a number of religious practices and beliefs, specifically its belief that there is one, omnipotent, omni likeable, transcended omniscient deity who made the heavens and the priming and continually have its control over mankind. The conventional Judaic belief stated that the beau ideal who made the universe had made a covenant with the Jewish people yet and gave his laws and commandments through Torah.Judaisms belief and practices are focused on these laws and commandments (see Asheri, M ichael. Living Jewish the Lore and law of the Practicing Jew, 1999). According to Jewish law, anyone who has a Jewish mother counts as a Jew, even if he or she is not religious. Many Jews do, however, actively follow the religious practices of Judaism. Judaism is one of the worlds oldest religions, beginning whatever 3,500 years ago in the Middle East. Today, there are about 18 million Jews. They live all over the world, but mostly in the United States, Europe and Israel.There are more different groups of Jews with different ways of practicing their faith. The main groups are Orthodox, Reform and Conservative Jews (see Jacobs, Louis. The harbor of Jewish Belief (Behrman House, 2000). II. Background According to the Jewish holy books, the first Jew was a man called Abraham, who is known as the father of the Jewish people. He was the leader of a group of nomadic people, called the Hebrews. At that time, the Hebrews religionped many different gods. Abraham taught his people that th ere is only(prenominal) one God and that they should worship only him. Jews rely that God made a covenant, or agreement, with Abraham.If Abraham and his people worshipped God and lived good and just lives, God would look afterwards them and give them a land of their own to live in. This was the Promised Land of Canaan (see Shenker, Israel. Coat of many Colors Pages from Jewish Life (Doubleday, 2001). The Jews settled in Canaan but centuries later, famine obligate their descendants to move to Egypt in search of food. They worked for the Egyptians but were treated like slaves and their lives were extremely miserable. God remembered his promise to Abraham and sent a man called Moses to lead the Jews to freedom. some(prenominal) times, Moses asked the Pharaoh to let the Jews go, but from each one time he refused. Only after God sent ten terrible plagues to Egypt did the Pharaoh change his mind. Moses led the Jews out of Egypt and into the desert. afterwards 40 years of wandering, God guided the Jews back to the Promised Land (see Prager, Dennis, and Joseph Telushkin. Nine Questions People Ask About Judaism (Simon & Schuster, 1999). The Jewish scriptures are called the Tenakh. They are divided into trey partsthe Torah (5 sacred scriptures of Teaching), the Neviim (21 Books of the Prophets) and the Ketuvim (13 Books of literature).The initials of the three partsT, N and Kgive the word Tenakh. For Jews, the Torah is the most important part of their scriptures because it contains the molds that teach Jews how to live their lives. These are the instructions that God gave to Moses on Mount Sinai during the Jews journey through the desert. They are summed up by ten rules, or commandments (see Musaph-Andriesse, R. G. From Torah to Kabbalah a Basic Introduction to the Writings of Judaism (Oxford University, 1998). 1. I am the Lord your God. 2. Worship no other gods but me. 3. Do not use Gods name falsely. 4. Keep the Sabbath day holy. . Respect your father and mo ther. 6. Do not kill. 7. Do not commit adultery. 8. Do not steal. 9. Do not tell lies about other people. 10. Do not be jealous of other peoples possessions. Copies of the Torah are handwritten on scrolls and kept in the synagogue, the Jewish present of worship. traditionalistic Jews follow the Torah exactly and study that its teachings should not be changed. Less traditional Jews believe that the teaching of the Torah can be adapted to make them more suitable for modern life. Jews can worship anywhere but many choose to pray with other Jews at the synagogue.The word synagogue means meeting place. Synagogues are not only places of worship but also centers for study, celebration and for the community to meet. Large synagogues have services every day but many Jews go to the synagogue only on the Sabbath (called Shabbat in Hebrew) (see below) and special(prenominal) holy days. The service on the morning of the Sabbath lasts for about two hours. A service includes prayers, blessings and readings from the Torah and is led by a teacher, called a rabbi. Readings from the Torah are given from a raised platform, called a bimah, in the centre of the synagogue.When they are not in use, the scrolls of the Torah are kept in a special alcove, called the Holy Ark. This is the holiest part of the synagogue. Everyone faces the Ark as they pray (see Musaph-Andriesse, R. G. From Torah to Kabbalah a Basic Introduction to the Writings of Judaism (Oxford University, 1998). At services in the synagogue, Jewish men wear away a small cap, called a kippah, to show respect for God. At some services, men also wear a prayer shawl that reminds the person wearing it of God. Traditional Jews may also wear two small leather boxes, called tefillin.One is worn on the midriff of the forehead the other is tied to the arm, facing the heart. wrong the boxes are tiny scrolls on which passages from the Torah are written. The tefillin remind Jews that they should love God with their hale heart s and minds (see Musaph-Andriesse, R. G. From Torah to Kabbalah a Basic Introduction to the Writings of Judaism (Oxford University, 1998). III. Discussion A. Name and Location of the Site The interview was conducted at Mikvah Chabad House at New Brunswick, New Jersey this is where I had the chance to conversed and interview Gary Austein.It is the place where Jewish people go for spiritual purification. Going in these place help Jewish women come together with their husband and together with their love for each other where in they also follow the commandments that God has established for His people. Mitzvah of Mikvah is one of their tradition in which helps them get more connected with their God. B. Interview abstract During the interview I asked Gary Austein the important holidays and traditions of this religion. He answered The important holidays and tradition of Judaism are Yom Kippur.Rosh Hashana and the Passover. The holiest day in the Jewish calendar is Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement. This day is set out to repent for the sins of the prior year. It is a day when any adult who has been Bar/Bat Mitzvahd (age 12-13) fasts and reflects on the past year and asks God for forgiveness. Rosh Hashana is the previous weeks and is the Jewish New Year. Passover is in the spring and it is a time when Jews cannot eat unleavened bread reflecting on the Israelites exodus from Egypt. When I asked him on how Judaism has shaped his life.And I quote Religion defines who I am as a person. I would say I am a Jew first and an American second, that is how important it is to me. My value and belief system is a product of my Jewish personal identity and upbringing. My adult life has brought my Judaism more into my life than ever as I now have a Jewish home, Jewish wife and child on the way. I also work at a Jewish Day School so I am ceaselessly reminded of my Jewish identity as both my professional and personal life revolves around my religion. Jews passim the world are a lways a target of anti-Semitism.This is a fact that they let ined and so with other families. It is scary that millions upon millions of people have been murdered because of their belief in Judaism. Between the Holocausts, pogroms in Russia, and terrorists attacks, an astounding amount of Jews have scragd because of their belief. Society is not very conducive for an observant Jewish lifestyle Jews are supposed to observe the Sabbath (Friday darkness to Saturday night) and are not supposed to drive, work, spend money, etc. A lot happens on the weekends so this is difficult.Also if you keep Kosher (Jewish dietary restrictions) it is difficult to eat out as the vast majority of food and restaurants are not kosher. People have much false impression about Judaism. A wishing of understanding and acceptance has led to misconceptions, not only of Judaism, but throughout the world. People need to always remind themselves that both Christianity and Islam were innate(p) from Judaism. Both religions accept the Torah (the Jewish Bible, also referred to at the Old Testament) as the word of God and credit Judaism for the birth of their respective religions.If people are more aware of this people then maybe open to differences of people. Judaism defines who a Jew is, they wear it as a badge of honor. For them it is amazing that time still honors traditions that are still practiced at present. Something like male circumcision is the oldest religious tradition in the world today. It is amazing that it has lasted for thousands of years. It shows the resiliency and the testament of the Jewish faith that they are able to continue throughout the generations. Judaism has greatly shaped his life as a Jew.And it is through the people around that have helped him a lot in his Religious belief. His parents gave him his Jewish identity and the friends of his family have nurtured it. His best friend who is a rabbinical student has been very influential in shaping his Jewish identity. H is marriage also shaped his Jewish identity as his wife converted to Judaism which has given him a newfound zeal and love for his religion. His study of Holocaust has been a dramatic part of his Jewish identity. Finally his visits to Israel, the Jewish state has given him a unique pride in his homeland.He considers himself a Conservative Jew which is best classified as the middle of the road. For the most part, Jews of different backgrounds are fairly understanding and respectful of the traditions and practices of other sects of Judaism, with the exception of the ultra-Orthodox movement. He believes that if you are a Jewish according to the laws and traditions of Moses then it does not matter how you practice as long as you believe it in your heart. However, he believes that there are certain misinterpretations some of the other sects have undertaken, but that is not something that he could be worried or be burden about.Judaism has been the common bond of the Jewish people. It is th e foundation of their culture and the reason for the creation of Israel, the Jewish State. Israel is the most important tangible asset they have and something that must be protected at all costs. Judaism is the reason the Jewish people have and are persecuted, yet is the belief and intangible asset that keeps them together as a people. The Covenant is the agreement between God and Abraham, the patriarch of the Jewish people, that the Jews will be the chosen people. This is a fact that is accepted by both Christians and Muslims alike. This covenant was symbolized by Abraham being circumcised and is something that is required for all Jewish males a week after they are natural. This is a common misconception. All three of the major monotheistic religions, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam have more similarities than differences. Their major prophets are the same their historical texts are born out of the Jewish Bible, and their belief in one all powerful, all knowing, and benevolent Go d are distinct commonalities.They all practice and worship God in different ways, but when it comes down to it, they were all born from Abraham and Sarah, meaning they are all brothers and sisters. IV. Comparing Judaism to Christianity A. Christianity Christianity is the religion based on the life and teachings of delivery boy Christ. It began in Palestine and was proclaimed the fulfillment of Jewish teaching regarding the coming of the messiah, promised by God to redeem man from sin. Jesus taught the doctrine of the Hebrew prophets that the Jews were Gods chosen people and therefore had the right to hear the message of the Gospel before all others.However, his teachings had a universal objective and were destined to return every man and nation (see McCollister, J. C. The Christian Book of Why (Jonathan David, 2000). Christianity is a missionary religion, holding that Christs message was intended for the whole world, not just for a particular area of people. In Mark 1615-16, Jesu s is quoted as saying Go ye into the entire world, and preach the gospel to the whole creation. He that believeth and is baptized shall be saved Christianity has been not only a religious force, but also a social and political one.Often it has been oblige by military power that hardly seems in keeping with the precepts of the gentle Jesus. Nevertheless, the moral lessons taught by Christianity have had a profound effect in teaching man to deal justly with his fellows and to observe the pleas of Jesus to love thy neighbor as thyself (Matthew 1919). About one-fourth of the worlds people are Christians. Christian churches have an estimated world membership of more than 1. 6 billionmore than twice the membership of any other religion. The original basic beliefs of Christianity are stated in the Apostles Creed.It affirms that Jesus Christ is the son of God and that God sent him to earth to live as a man and to suffer and die for the redemption of mankind. It also states the belief that Jesus, after being crucified, arose from the dead and ascended to heaven, from which he will return to earth to judge the living and the dead. Belief that Jesus was born of a virgin mother and that there is a life for man after death are essential parts of the creed (see McCollister, J. C. The Christian Book of Why (Jonathan David, 2000).Mans need for help from a higher power was stressed in religions earlier than Christianity. The concept of God as benevolent and forgivingrather than as vengeful is a main tenet of the Christinas faith. Another Christian belief is that even though man has sinned ill and separated himself from the love of God, he can be saved by repentance. The necessity, and therefore the possibility, of communion between God and man are accepted by all Christians (see Wiggins, James, and R. S. Ellwood. Christianity a Cultural Perspective (Prentice-Hall, 2002). B. Doctrinal DifferencesAt first, the gospel of Jesus was spread by his disciples, followers who remember ed his sayings. As gentiles (non-Jews) as well as Jews entered the church, the influence of other minds began to be seen in the interpretation of doctrines. In this work, early Christian theologians borrowed ideas from the teachings of the Greek philosophers. At the same time, national traits and customs began to affect rituals and observances. withal within each of the three great divisions of the Christian churchRoman Catholic, Protestant, and eastern Orthodoxthere are variations of practice.This is particularly true of the Protestants. The sacrament of baptism provides an example. Baptists hold that the convert must be completely immersed in water Methodists believe that sprinkling water on the head is sufficient. Most denominations baptize infants, but some insist that the individual be old enough to understand the meaning of the sacrament (see Walker, Williston. A History of the Christian Church, 4th edition (Sribners, 1998). There are other differences. The Disciples of Chris t and certain other Protestant groups insist upon using the Bible alone as a source of guidance.The doctrine of the Trinitythe belief that God is three beings (the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit) in one divine natureis accepted as basic by most Christians, but is rejected by Unitarians and Universalists (see Wiggins, James, and R. S. Ellwood. Christianity a Cultural Perspective (Prentice-Hall, 2002). Roman Catholics and Eastern Orthodox and Anglicans recognize seven sacraments, while most Protestants recognize only those of Holy Communion (also called the eucharist or Lords Supper) and baptism. Catholics believe that the priest by the sacrament of the Eucharist changes bread and wine into the body and blood of Jesus.Most Protestants see in the ritual only a spiritual representation of the presence of Jesus (see Wiggins, James, and R. S. Ellwood. Christianity a Cultural Perspective (Prentice-Hall, 2002). The method of church government us a common cause of differences between denomina tions. The Roman Catholic Church places final authority in the pope, whom it calls the Vicar of Christ. The Episcopal form of church government is headed by bishops of adapted authority. Authority over the churches in the Presbyterian form of government is exercised by boards, called presbyteries, ministers and elected laymen.In churches with the congregational type of government, each congregation has complete local rule (see Walker, Williston. A History of the Christian Church, 4th edition (Sribners, 1998). IV. Conclusion Judaism is the United States has four branches Orthodox, Reform, Conservative, and Reconstructionist. The total membership of the four branches is lower than the estimated total number of Jews in the United States, because many Jews are not outside the United States and Canada are Orthodox. Orthodox Jews advocate strict observance of traditional rituals and customs.Hasidic Jews form a small, extremely orthodox, mystical group. Many orthodox synagogues are member s of the Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations of America. Reform Jews have abandoned many rituals and customs that they consider ill-sorted to modern life. They stress the prophetic ideas of the Bible rather than the Law, and emphasize the mission of the Jews to spread godliness throughout the world. The reform movement began early in the nineteenth century in Germany and is now centered mainly in the United States. The Union of American Hebrew Congregations is an association of reform congregations.Conservative Jews hold a middle ground between the orthodox and the reform. In the United States, this movement began during the 1890s. The United Synagogue of America is the national organization of Conservative congregations. Reconstructionist Jews observe many of the traditional rituals and customs, but reject supernaturalism and divine revelation. Reconstructionist Judaism was founded by Mordecai Kaplan in the 1920s as a movement within the Conservative branch. With the establishm ent of Reconstructionist rabbinical College in 1968, it emerged as a separate branch of Judaism.

An Ideal Hero: Greek vs. Roman

EvansHUM 2210 REVIEW SHEET EXAM 1 LISTS1. Features that identify a society as civilizeda. Agriculture (irrigation) and breeding of animals = nimiety food (goats, peig, cattle, sheep). Wheat, barley, rice, and maize. (Sci&Tech- polish stone tools. Ex stone sickles)b. Cities large apart handst settlements= standard computer architecture & surplus manpowerc. Writing (gifts of the gods)= records. Pictograph, ideogram, cuneiform.d. Institutions for centralise & inherited power . Priesthood for centralized sacred ritual Kingship for centralized political and social structure (Paraoh= kings in Egypt) .2. Geographical areas of early civilizations (Attached)3. Ages of early Greek mythology to Ovid ( Poet of Metamorphoses)a. Origin of humans sacred remains (wise and rulers) blood of titans (murderous and criminals), and stones( nullifyurance)b. 4 ages as decline golden (peace), Silver (seasons &farming), Bronze (war), Iron (mining, deforestation, crime).4. Dominant and alternate cultura l themes in the Iliad Audience upper-class men Purpose cultural propaganda.Greek Heros= models of courage & skill to men (what to be) & women (what to look for- sense of security). a. Dominant Theme warrior code of personal honor and glory b. Contrasting themes Family principle, simpleton country life vs. war, admiration of enemies. 5. Literary works by Homer Blind poet Homer represents the culmination of a long and vigorous tradition in which oral recitationpossibly to instrumental accompanimentwas a popular kind of entertainment. Iliad, Odyssey.6. Major column types in Greek architecture (know the parts) a. Doric send off projects strength, power. useable for king or state intimidate?Temple to powerful gods. b. Ionic elegant, sophisticated. Useful for gods and people of wisdom. Libraries. c. Corinthian more sophisticated. Projects wealth and power that comes with it. Useful to imperial Rome to intimidate and amaze. Makes the emperor or state look all powerful, even if they aren t pic7. Major parts of architectural buildings on the Acropolis of capital of Greece (City on the hills. Ex Propyleia & Parthenon) a. Propylaia Monumental entrance as the gate/threshold into the sacred hill. b. Athena Nike shrine to Athena as goddess of victory. Guardian of the hill. c. Parthenon (the Virgin) East Pediment (front) kind of Athena. Born from the head of Zeus= intuition. Feminine principle of wisdom, sacred bird is the one. West Pediment (back) Competition between Athena & Poseidon for Athens. Ancestors chose Athens gift for the olive guide= they preferred to war. Athenians all sheer this wisdom and desire for peace. The metopes (framed carvings on each side) the victories over the Amazons, centaurs, giants, and Trojans/Persians = justice prevails over brute force, aggression.8. Major philosophers of the Greek serious music and classic periods Greek Classical a. Moral Socrates Dialectic Method= critical approach. Question & answer search for Truth Knowledge is vir tue & to know the good is to do the good. The unexamined life is not worth living Produced skeptics (only believe what is absolutely certain) & agnostics (dont believe what is not known for certain). b. Social Plato Student of Socrates Founded Academy in Athens, 387 B. C. system of Forms where is Truth uncanning, state Level 4 Knowledge= certainties Level 3 Thinking= math geometry abstracts Lower Levels Opinions Level 2 Beliefs (Material world is line up gone. ) Level 1 Imaginings (Images art = reality) Allegory of the Cave. Truth is painful. c. Logic Aristotle Student of Plato, founded school in Athens, 335 B. C. Organized natural accomplishments into biology, zoology, botany Theory of Universals Inductive Science Universals discovered from particulars, therefore studying the material world can (only) produce universals/ absolutes. Platos dualism devalued study of material world. Deductive/Formal Logic for ethics and science Hellenistic a. Epicuranism Founder Epicuru s (341-271 B. C. ) Atomist all matter made up of atoms so all forms are random no controls No afterlife death= end no judgment Absolute free will each creates own destiny absolute individuality Goal of life Pleasure (hedone hedonism) *individual pleasure - society would crush Pleasure absence of pain. Pain unsatisfied desires. Minimal desires Peace & pleasure harmony = agreement between desires and fulfillment. Life of Moderation (Ex recognition card vs. cash budget). b. Stoicism *Resistance cause pain, learn to live the Stoic life. Founder Zeno (334-262 B. C. ) Social Logos (=Heraclitus) All natural and society controlled by reason. The destiny of one is the FOR THE GOOD OF THE WHOLE. Happiness accepting ones destiny. Suffering resisting predestined life Stoic Goal Evenness, dispassionate= no jubilate in success, no sorrow in failure. Brotherhood of Man Logos Lives in everything and everyone as fire DEFINITION (know the basic meaning or deferred payment of each term) -Polytheism/monotheism the belief in many gods/ the belief in only one god. Post & lintel the simplest form or architectural construction, consisting of vertical members (posts) and bread and butter horizontals (lintels). Caste System a rigid social stratification in India based on differences in wealth, rank, or occupation. Muse/muses music Ziggurat a terraced tower of rubble and brick that served ancient Mesopotamians as a temple-shrine. Pharaoh title of Egyptian king. Dialectic question-and- answer style (Socrates) Animism the belief that the forces of nature are inhibited by spirits. Homeopathic power infused based on likeness or imitation. *exaggerates sometime. Hellenistic followed by the Classical era the blending of Greek, African, and Asian cultures. Pantheism the belief that a overlord spirit pervades all things in universe. Contagion power transferred by contact. Stoic Logos Seminal Reason, through which all things came to be, by which all things were ordered , and to which all things returned. romance story form (poetry) vs. philosophy or scientific explanation typically involving gods and ancestors with supernatural power. Purpose to order universe and society. Ethnocentric the belief in the intrinsic superiority of ones own ethnic group or culture. Epicureanism Happiness depending on avoiding all forms of physical excess valued plain living and the perfect nub of digity and mind.Gods played no part in human life, and death was nothing more than the rearrangement of atoms which the body and all of nature consist. Covenant contract the bod between the Hebrew people and their god. Yin/Yang the principle, which ancient Chinese emperors called the foundation of the entire universe, interprets all nature as the dynamic product of two interacting cosmic forces, or modes of energy, commonly configured as twin interpenetrating shapes enclosed within a circle. Yang- male principle lightness, hardness, brightness, warmth, and the sun. Y ing- female principle darkness, softness, moisture, coolness, the earth. Metope the square panel between the aerate ends under the roof of a structure. Platos Theory of Formswhere is Truth? Above perfect world of forms originals, absolute, uncanning state. Below imperfect world of matter copies, changing, opinions. Ideal cataclysm heros life changes from fortune to misfortune due to intellectual error. Pediment the triangular space forming the gable of a two-pitched roof in Classical architecture any similar triangular form found over a portico, door, or window. Epic History a long narrative poem that recounts the whole kit of a legendary or historical hero in his quest for meaning or identity.IDENTIFICATION Know who or what each refers to -Venus Figurines sympathetic & contagious conjuration for fertility of nature and humans. -Stone Henge sacred space limitation of celestial world? Sun and moon for their fertility power? -Parthenon the outstanding architectural achievement of Golden Age Athens -Gate of Ishtar one of the eight gates of the inner city of Babylon (main entrance), was built during the reign of King Nebuchadnezzar II (604- 562 BC), after he burned Jerusalem. showtime point for Nebuchadnezzar II, after he bought the kingdom of Judah to an end he wants to beautify the capital. Achilles Achaean (Greek) hero of the Trojan War, the central character and the greatest warrior of Homers Iliad. -Plato Wrote the famous treatise, Republic. Classical Greek philosopher, mathematician, student of Socrates, writer of philosophical dialogues, and founder of the Academy in Athens. -Hammurapi sixth king of Babylon, known for the set of rights called Hammurabis Code, one of the first written codes of law in recorded history. -Athena goddess of wisdom and war. -Sophocles second of the great tragedians, developed his plots through the actions of the characters.He modified the ceremonial formality of earlier Greek tragedies by individualizing the characters and introducing moments of great psychological intimacy. Antigone -Confucius Chinese teacher, editor, politician, and philosopher of the Spring and Autumn Period of Chinese history. The philosophy of Confucius emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice and sincerity. -Zeus the powerful sky god. -Epicurus Greek thinker who advocated Epicuranism. -Moses the leader who led the Hebrews across the Red Sea. -Antigone A tragic play wrote by Sophocles.Proceed from the last phase of the history of Thebes. The play deals with many issues responsibleness to family (generation) vs. duty to state/law female willpower vs. male authority (gender) -Homer poet who wrote Iliad and Odyssey -Aristotle Student of Plato, Aristotles writings were the first to create a comprehensive system of occidental philosophy, encompassing morality, aesthetics, logic, science, politics, and metaphysics. -Zeno Founder of Stoicism. MAP (be able to match the culture wi th its geography) 2. Nile r. / Jerusalem/Egypt 3. Euphrates r. / Tigris r. Persia /Babylon/ Mesopotamia 4. Olympus /Athens/ Aegean Sea/ Greece pic

Wikipedia: the Basis of Unreliable Sources

Over the years that Wikipedia has been running, there has been a continuous debate on whether it is a reliable resource or not and no one has been able to come up with a conclusion. However, there are many people who think that they have come up with a compromise, which includes Wikipedia being a good source for basic development and not for the sole information of any given topic. Especially for college students, Wikipedia idler arrive at tricky in the sense where it is easy to just shoot through and agree with however, it may be misleading and have incorrect information.People including college incline instructor Jenny Meister, Marquette University Law School student blogger Jessica Slavin, and Internet executive Mark Moran keep all agree that Wikipedia is helpful in college research but only for basic knowledge, not for sole information. Throughout college, students must do a lot of book and computer research in order to do papers, class work and home work. The computer re search is what scares professors the most because they know how easy it is for the students to click the first link that comes up on Google-Wikipedia.These students seem to get all of their information from the website, which can be edited by anonymous sources at any time. This means that the information is not al focusings correct which can be frustrating to professors. As someone whos been there and done the grading thing, I can tell you that when a professor flips to your Works Cited page and glances everywhere your list of sources, a page full of Wikipedia entries is going to spark a frenzy of eye-rolling and red pen (Meister).College students not only have to worry closely having the wrong information in their school work, but also need to consider Wikipedia in their future careers. They must ask themselves how they should use it and the proper way to use it without hurting themselves. For example, law student Jessica Slavin had stated she was only going to use Wikipedia for background information. I will admit that I sometimes read a Wikipedia entry if I want background information virtually a topic. I do not think, though, that I would cite an entry as proof of anything in court (Slavin).Wikipedia can be useful at times for background information about a topic, however, it can not be trusted because you are never sure who is writing it, if it is from a reliable source, or if the information is completely accurate. In Mark Morans blog about how Wikipedia is not reliable he makes one important point on why it should not be trusted for sole information. In March 2009, Irish student Shane Fitzgerald, who was conducting research on the internet and globalization of information, posted a fake quotation on the Wikipedia article about recently deceased french composer Maurice Jarre.Due to the fact that the quote was not attributed to a reliable source, it was removed several times by editors, but Fitzgerald continued re-posting it until it was allowed to re main (Moran). Moran is making the point that it is the reader with the strongest agenda who wins and it is not always the one with the most correct information, which makes the site less reliable. For many years, Wikipedia has been known as an unreliable source and to be idle in school, although, it can be useful at times for basic information.Throughout college, students use Wikipedia as a main source which is giving them the wrong information in papers, class work, and school work, which is extremely frustrating for the professors to see. The students need to consider their future and if they would use Wikipedia as a primary source when they are at their future careers. College students should be allowed to use Wikipedia, but only as a basic information source in order to get background knowledge on a topic.

19th Century American Imperialism & 20th Century War Essay

Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan couldnt kick in said it any better, No nation had ever commence great without control of foreign markets and access to the natural resources of foreign countries (Kinzer 33). Throughout the years, the States has had an astonishing obsession with the base of global imperialism. One cant help but ask the following gesture what sparked this sudden obsession with global imperialism? Even though there are many different factors that helped spark this sudden movement, the grownupgest single factor was the industrialization of the lands major industrialist societies, such as England, United States, Japan, and Germany.The sudden explosion of industrialization sparked a huge consumption of the earths natural resources, and initiated the extremity for expansion. Throughout the late 19th century up until today, America has approached global imperialism in a number of different ways. Methods such as deception, intimidation, fear, and violence have all been use d throughout the American conquest in severalise to expand this imperialistic society. America had to start expanding and had to take everyplace weaker countries.See more Homelessness as a social problem EssayAmericans had to look to faraway countries, weak countries, countries that had large markets and rich resources but had not yet fallen beneath the sway of any great power (Kinzer 34). This paper will primarily focus on the reasoning provided by Kinzers book Overthrow. America has become the imperialistic society it is today because of the rapid 19th century industrialization and the constant American hunger for natural resources, territory, and global domination. Whether they will or no, Americans essential now begin to look outward. The growing production of the hoidenish demands it (Kinzer 33).During the late 19th century, America enjoyed a successful conquest of Hawaii, Cuba, Philippines, and Nicaragua. Hawaii, which has always embraced a story of tradition and cultur e, was faced with the issue of modernization. Throughout the years, Hawaii had slowly started to fall under white control. Hawaii has always been a huge producer of sugar, with one problem. The major market for sugar was in the United States, but the Hawaiians could not export as much as they would like because of the high tariffs imposed on imported sugar in the States.When the reciprocity pact as signed in the summer of 1876, Americans started installing military and commercial bases in Hawaii. The renewed treaty however was what really displayed that Hawaii was falling under white influence. The renewed treaty gave United States control of Pearl Harbor, an extremely fine natural port. On January 14th 1893, Queen Liliuokalani made a disturbing announcement to her cabinet. She proclaimed a new constitution which distinguishd only Hawaiian citizens had the right to vote. This meant that the Hawaiian population of Americans would no longer be able to vote.This move gave Lorrin Thu rston and John Colburn the reason they needed to initiate the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy, which would mark Americas first overthrow of a foreign government. The alarmed Thurston quickly wrote a letter to John L. Stevens, requesting military assistance for the overthrow of the queens regime. concisely after, on July 4th 1894, the Republic of Hawaii was proclaimed. During the Spanish colonization of Cuba in 1897, William McKinley was sworn in as president of the United States.McKinley did not like the idea of the Spanish in Cuba. However when talking about McKinley, Kinzer states William McKinley believed that a self-governed Cuba would pose an extreme threat to the United States, for they might not do Washingtons bidding (Kinzer 35). After all, the ultra leaders in Cuba were already talking about the social reforms and land redistribution they wanted to initiate. This greatly alarmed many American businessmen, for over $50 million was invested primarily in Cubas agriculture .McKinley had finally had enough and had decided it was time to use military force to end the Spanish regime in Cuba. On April 25th 1898, the Spanish-American War had officially begun. After the Spanish surrender, America started to kill Cubas dream of independence. In the 1898 Treaty of Paris, Spain gave up all rights to Cuba, surrendered Puerto Rico and Guam, and sold Philippines for $20 million to the United States. The Platt Amendment gave the US some economic and military control of Cuba. McKinley initially only wanted to come on a naval base at Manila, Philippines.Later however, he decided he would embark on a journey of Christianizing the country. This was unnecessary however, for most Filipinos were already Catholic. On June 2nd 1899, the official Philippine-American War started. The United States would win the war, and dissolute the First Philippine Republic. At this point, the United States had obtained, by force, full sovereignty over the Philippines. With Cuba, Hawaii, Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico under its belt, America now had access to a wide array of natural resources and an assortment of markets.However, the conquest would not end there. In order for one to under stomach the takeover of Nicaragua, one must understand Central America in the late 19th century. The late 19th century be to be a strong idealistic era for Central America. Ideas of both social and political reforms were sweeping many Central nations, ideas inspired by European philosophers. These ideas were absolutely despised by the American government, for these ideas called for change. These ideas were admired by Central Americans because they all desired change.Jose Santos Zelaya became president of Nicaragua in 1893. He adopted many revolutionary changes, such as importing the automobile and legalizing civil marriage. He also had a very strong emphasis on building and expanding the countrys infrastructure. At first Zelaya and America were on good terms, for there have be en talks of building a canal through Nicaragua. Later however, Panama was chosen as the building site, temporarily ending American interest in Nicaragua.As historian John Ellis wrote To the State Department, Nicaragua was no longer a country that needed to be coddled or cared for in preparation for future usefulness, rather, it was not a country that needed to be watched carefully and kept in literary argument (Kinzer 60). A very strong nationalist, Zelaya was giving some of the American business based in his country trouble, which didnt appeal to the United States secretary of state Philander Knox. What angered Knox even more was that Zelaya went to European banks to borrow money for his railroad project, not American banks.This showed the Taft administration that Nicaragua was trying not to depend on the States as much as they used to, which of course cause congressional panic. After much trouble from Knox, Zelaya finally resigned in 1909. After the brief animation in line of Jose Madriz, Juan Jose Estrada took over the country, and the new conservative government was much admired and supported by the United States. Estradas coming to power marks the conquest of Nicaragua, because of Americas strong influence on Estradas regime.As demonstrated, the United States has always obtained a hostile approach regarding takeovers and conquest. The first overthrow took place in Hawaii where the queen was relieved of her position. Cuba was later obtained from Spain with the help of brute force and intimidation. Philippines and Puerto Rico were also obtained in the same fashion. Nicaraguas government fell victim to an American sponsored coup, and their government was taken over by the Americans. It seems like there has always been a recurring pattern throughout American history. If you try to stand up to the US government, you will go down.If you operate your country in a way that doesnt appeal to the US government, youre going down. If you skillful happen to be do ing good for your country, theres still a good chance youre still going down. America has always been that big bully that beats on the little kids at school, because they are just too weak to defend themselves. America throughout the 19th century was a product of a heavily industrialized society, a society that must rely on domination of other markets and other countries resources in order to keep expanding and thriving.

Altruists attract and origins of mating behavior Essay

In the experiment study altruists attract researchers concluded that throng tilt to corporate with the more attractive members of the opposer sex. Besides, as more one member of opposite sex is showing corporation, the more attractive it may seem to other member of the opposite sex. No doubt, altruistic behavior is beneficial in twain genders which are in the long-term relationships because they share the same resources or care about their children.Research shows that people who are corporative are viewed by others as more attractive and kind and these are the values which people count for when are looking for colligation partners. For example, males track down to give more money to women beggars than to the same sex beggars-males. Second article talked about origins of mating and how people choose partners when it comes to mating. Charles Darwin was the first who proposed the theory of sexual selection, stress that mating behavior can be explained by evolutionary change pref erences for a mate and competition for a mate.Humans never choose mating partners just by coincidence they tend to use strategies in order to find the most appropriate mate. Also, our ancestors used strategies for mating, they chose to mate with the opposite sex members who were generative in order to pass on genes to the next generations. For instance, females choose their mates who are economically independent, who will take care of them and their children, and who would devote their time to family.These both strategies can be both referred to our ancestors and our time scale. Author of this article compare women with weaverbirds which also prefer man with rich and fruitful nests. However, the most difficult decisions for human in selecting a mate is to distinguish and indentify what kind of relationship are they looking for short term or long term relationship. Even when it comes to animal(prenominal) mating, the stronger and larger ones are the more chances in finding an appr opriate mate.Therefore, the weaker ones ten to fail in finding a mate and they become extinct. No doubt, safekeeping a mate is another important thing for the people who are seeking a long term relationship. Some people tend to be by nature more jealous than others. Therefore, sexual jealously can elicit either vigilance or cause violence between couples. Finally, it is not in human nature to date just with one person for an entire lifetime.Humans often brake up or split with other member of sex, due to the conflicts such as one may feel unsatisfy being in a particular relationship, cheating or other reasons. entirely over the world humans are failing for the divorce. It is not only seen in Western world. When people brake up or split they tend to enter again the mating market. But reentering again and starting everything from new can cause other problems. For example, women having children from previous relationship may have obstruction to finding a new mate. Besides, ages plays a big role in finding a mate.

New Global Patterns

For each term, person, or place listed at the beginning of the section, write a conviction explaining its significance.French Indochina the name given to the colonies in southeastern United States Asia that were under French view as. Significant of European imperialism in Asia and the pressure that was placed on it by Western and European powers.Mongkut the king of Siam who by studying modern science, mathematics, and language was able to uphold his country and keep it from European rule and pushed Siam into a period of modernization.Spanish-American War a struggle between the United States and Spain over the independence of Cuba.Was significant in the USs ability to win and stock control of Cuba.Liliuokalani the queen of how-do-you-do had attempted to resist foreign influences but did not succeed as the United States overpowered her. Led to the imperialism of exclusively Pacific islands by European powers.2. Reading schema Identify Causes and Effects-How did industrialize d powers divide up Southeast Asia and the Pacific, and how did the colonized peoples react?Powers such as the Dutch, British, and French were able to use the rivalries between local communities of Southeast Asia to their reward by using new technologies and armies to conquer new colonies.In the Pacific the United States, Germany, and Britain had extraterritorial rights in Samoa and had a triple protectorate in action. as yet afterward leaders of the former independent countries that became colonized tried to fight off foreign influence, the Western powers were always able to gain control of all except Siam. People of the colonies had pushed hard to resist the imperialist force and in the end after colonization, they adopted the ideals of the powers that controlled them by means of modernization.3. Summarize What steps did Siam take to preserve its independence?King Mongkut had studied foreign languages and on modern sciences and mathematics. He gained much knowledge and didnt un derestimate the power of the Europeans and took smarter approaches to resisting imperialism. He heavily negotiated with the Western powers by forming unequal treaties, much like the ones the Western powers had been using to take advantage of others. Mongkut was successful and was able to keep Siam out of the clutches of imperialism and presently after with the aid of his son Chulalongkorn was able to start a modernization movement to strengthen the country.Draw Conclusions Why were Filipino rebels disappointed when the United States took control of the Philippines?During the Spanish-American War, the Philippines was able declare independence from Spain and decided to fight alongside the US to help in the effort. Rebels were disappointed because they had expected the US would acknowledge their independence after helping them defeat Spain. Instead, the US offered to buy Spains control of the Philippines for $20 million and the US was able to imperialize the Philippines which outrag es rebels.4. Synthesize Information How did Hawaii become luck of the United States?The US had been part of the triple protectorate between the US, Germany, and Britain. The US exclusively had pushed for power in Hawaii and the American planters were able to overthrow Liliuokalani and her efforts to hold on Western influence and supporters of annexation convinced the US that if they did not act for power in Hawaii, other countries would soon interfere. This convinced the US to lock in its power in Hawaii.6. Make Comparisons- Compare the partition of Southeast Asia to the partition of Africa. How was it similar? How was it different?I see the partition of Asia and Africa similarly in the experience that both means of imperialism were the same. The powers used the same tactics to partitions colonies in both areas. They used unequal treaties, used a countrys weakness to their advantage such as local conflicts, used new technologies and armies as a means of conquering, and made the same modernization changes to society such as education, politics, transportation, economy, societal, etc.The principal(prenominal) difference I seemed to remember was that the reason for imperializing these two parts of the eastern world was for Africa, the main idea was always based on social Darwinism and there seemed to be less multiple protectorates in Africa than in Asia. Also the struggle for Africa was mainly for resource benefits as opposed to Southeast Asia where concern of resource come forth wasnt discussed in the section.

My Hobby- Kayaking Essay

Ladies and gentlemen, I have come here to reprimand to you about one of my hobbies, boating. A common misconception is that a kayak is the same as a mickleoe, just this is not the case. on that point argon a fare of differences between a kayak and a canoe, the chief(prenominal) difference is that in a kayak, you are en fill upd, unlike in a canoe, whose cockpit is much like a boat. Also, a kayak is normally for one person only and a canoe is for a number of people. last, in general, a canoe has only one boat paddle. While a kayak has two that are joined together with one shaft.The word kayak means hunters boat. The kayak was developed by cultures in the arctic of North America for hunting. To these people, the kayak meant survival. Without it they couldnt get food. There wasnt much time for deflexion. To obtain food they used kayaks to hunt in extremely coarse conditions. Archaeologists have found evidence that indicates kayaks to be at least 4000 years old.Hunting in a kay ak was very dangerous. Sometimes a wounded animate being wound attack the kayak, and walrus and whales were particularly dangerous when injured. Occasionally the harpoon line would tangle and damage the kayak. Because the escaping normally was so hazardous, these people became kind of proficient in the Eskimo Roll (where if you get flipped upside down, this is called capsizing, you flip yourself up again instead of exiting the kayak). The source for this is that in emergencies, exiting the kayak into the water was very perilous the animal that they were trying to hunt could be plain more dangerous if they were attacked while inside of the water.Rolls that are thought of as tricks now were based on actual survival techniques. The hunter may have been hurt by a wounded animal or have their hand tangled in the harpoon line, and therefore the Eskimo roll is essential to rescind drowningThese paddlers used jackets made from waterproof skins and seal intestines. Today, these waterpr oofs are also used as well, they are called cagoules, still they are fortunately made of fabricI like kayaking because it gives you a sense of freedom. The fresh expression and water can be very refreshing and relaxing. A bulky thing about kayaking is its great diversity. The number of things that you can do and the many ways that you can do it is overwhelming. You can go with as many or as little people as you want. You can go in nearly any weather as long as you wrap up warm in colder circumstances. You can do tricks such as the Eskimo roll. You can race your friends and even play games such as bulldog. Finally you can go on long sightseeing tours. The scenery is frequently breathtaking, you can get close to wildlife such fish swimming and it is not uncommon to see the adorable sight of a ring and a line of chicks following its mother. There is a large sense of satisfaction when you get cave in or learn something new.Today, these hunters have replaced their kayaks with motorb oats, but kayaking has become a very popular form of recreation in other parts of the world. Todays kayaks are mainly made of plastic and wood. Their goal runs from small white-water boats to 20 foot long touring kayaks that can carry several weeks provisions. The reasons we paddle may have changed, but the kayak remains a quiet, efficient and fun means of superman whose design has stood the test of time. Thank you for listening

Health And Safety Challenges For Mining Companies Environmental Sciences Essay

Outline round of the cardinal wellness and synthetic rubber ch in on the wholeenges that is faced by a excavation company you ar familiar with. The in studry has experienced both high arrange low frequence events ( catastrophes much(prenominal) as Moura and Gretley ) every arcminute straightforward as low frequence high events ( such(prenominal) as faux pass, strains and falls ) contribute to the industry s high befogged clip lessened rate ( LTIR ) . It has besides had its portion of occupational affections. Historically, pneumonocosis ( lung disease ca applyd by inspiration of tapral dust ) , asbestosis and mesothelioma have been cardinal countries of concern. Noise, quiver and w auricula atriiiness ar issues of resultant wellness concerns. The way of life and ascendance of major jeopardies associated with structural prostrations, fires and detonations are cardinal safety issues of the two dozen hours.MouraDuring the past 40 old ages at that place have been three dig catastrophes in the Moura territory at a cost of 36 lives.The eldest occurred at Kianga Mine on 20 September 1975. Thirteen mineactors died from an detonation which was set up to aim been initiated by self-generated burning. The mine was sealed and the perfect structures of the run away forcess were neer rec everyplaceed.The 2nd occurred on 16 July 1986 at Moura No 4 Mine when 12 mine employmenters died from an detonation idea to hold been initiated by iodine of two possible beginnings, viz. frictional ignition or a flame safety lamp. The essential structures of the mineworkers, in this instance, were rec everywhereed.The tierce of the catastrophes occurred on 7 August 1994 at Moura No 2 Mine. On this marijuana cigarette eleven mineworkers died as a consequence of an detonation. The mine was sealed and, at this clip, the organic structures have non been recovered.What is the copy of the mine safety statute law in your state/ rural?Since Australia is a federation of p rovinces, for each one province sets out its ain Torahs, which include its ain regulative criterions for occupational wellness and safety. At meditate away follow uping, each province was separate and used the old wellness codifications ( i.e. , statute law ) and criterions from the British clay. This system relied to a great extent upon really peculiar(prenominal) ( i.e. , Numberss based ) system which was easy to implement and unreserved to understand. However jobs ensured as clip and engineering progressed which led to the wellness and safety reform that began in 1972.The on-going Framework for Mine refuge in Australia in 3 waysRegulations under a global OHS Act ( VIC/SA/TAS/NT )In separate Mine Safety Acts and Regulations ( WA/QLD )In separate mine Safety Act and Regulations Subordinate to a general OHS Act ( NSW )Since Victoria is my province, the undermentioned statutoryization will be used under 3 foreland classs given as below. touch-and-go Goods ActEnvironment trade protection ACTOccupational health and Safety RegulationsAs per Occupational Health and Safety RegulationsOccupational Health and Safety Act 2004. Act No. 107/2004 Enabling act. Sets out the cardinal rules, responsibilities and rights in relation to occupational wellness and safety ( OHS ) .Occupational Health and Safety Regulations 2007, Statutory Rule No. 54/2007 Specifies the vogue in which a responsibility imposed by the OHS Act must be performed, or rate procedural or administrative aff oxygenises to back up the OHS Act ( eg requiring licenses for specific activities, the maintaining of records or big notice ) .WorkSafe Positions Are guidelines made under subdivision 12 of the OHS Act that province how WorkSafe will use the OHS Act or Regulations or exert discretion under a proviso of the OHS Act or Regulations. WorkSafe Positions are intended to supply certainty to duty holders and other affected partiesAs per Environment security department ACT recital No. 171, Envi ronment cheerion Act 1970, No. 8056 of 1970, Version integration amendments as at 1 January 2010.This sets out the cardinal rules, responsibilities and rights in relation to Environment shelterion Act.As per weighty Goods ActThis sets out the cardinal rules, responsibilities and rights in relation to Dangerous Goods Act. But here separately they all made for single classs as mentioned.Version No. 081Dangerous Goods Act 1985No. 10189 of 1985Version integrating amendments as at 1 January 2010Version No. 003Dangerous Goods ( HCDG ) Regulations 2005S.R. No. 96/2005Version as at 14 March 2008Version No. 005Dangerous Goods ( Storage and Handling ) Regulations 2000S.R. No. 127/2000Version integrating amendments as at 1 January 2009Version No. 001Dangerous Goods ( Transport by itinerary or Rail ) Regulations 2008S.R. No. 166/2008Version as at 1 January 2009Version No. 013Dangerous Goods ( Explosives ) Regulations 2000S.R. No. 61/2000Version integrating amendments as at 1 January 2009Rob ens suggested two cardinal issues were of import in accomplishing high criterions of safety.What are these two key issue?Where in the Act ( or statute ) are these two issues addressed in themine safety statute law of your state/country?In 1972, the British Robens study sought to modify the old codifications of pattern utilizing two base principals.The start rule recognised the demand to unite all the difference OHS Torahs under one system. It was proposed that this would be carry through by making general responsibilities into one opinion ( Robens Report, para 41 ) .The 2nd rule observed that a ego ordinance theoretical account be implemented where workers and decision makers inject in concert in order addition the criterions of wellness and safety ( Robens Report, para 41 ) .The Federal Government in 1985 passed statute law to organize the so National Occupational Health and Safety Commission ( NOHSC ) though, because Australia is a federation, each state/territory has to sign federal statute law in order to for the committee ( NOHSC ) to be apart of the Commonwealth and hence have any reasoned evidences. Each province reform OHS Torahs, based on the Robens theoretical account and beyond.In fact, the OHS ope order in a three fashion system. The first is the general responsibilities which cover all employees irrespective of occupation position ( profits Explorer, contracted or non ) and exact the employee as practically possible to guarantee a safe working environs. The 2nd are the commissariats in ordinances are compulsory Torahs that are specific to each province. Finally, codifications of pattern are used as suggest which set the criterions for the general responsibility of attention. These aid in puting criterions the responsibility holder is required to place the jeopardies and butt and control feigns and hence helps Robens 2nd rule nevertheless there remains virtually critical spreads.What is the oral sex end of industrial hygiene ?List the four key processes that play a function in accomplishing this end.Main end of Industrial hygiene is risk decrease and/or hazard riddance wherever possible.AnticipationRecognitionEvaluation underwrite of workplace surroundal jeopardies constringe the undermentioned footings prospect prospect feign direction hazard AppraisalProbabilityFrequencyBadnessDoseTLV-TWATLV-STELHazard A luck is any thing that whitethorn do injury or hurt to a individualistic or belongings. Besides this is the potency of any agent or substances to do injury, averageally ill-health or disease.Hazard The hazard tells how likely an accident ( An accident is any unexpected or unintended event that whitethorn do injury or hurt to a individual or belongings ) will do injury or hurt to a individual or belongings. Hazard is a map of the persona of risk of mental picture clock the sum of picture ( Risk = Hazard x Exposure )Hazards direction The bit of ordaining general responsibilities of attention in order to extinguish, replacement, or piece down the likeliness of an accident ( i.e. hazard ) through technology or administrative solutions, or through using personal protection equipment ( PPE ) .Hazard Appraisal Hazard Assessment is the procedure by which a particular hazard is quantified or qualified in order to understand how to whirl off a specific chance. It is based upon the consequence that a specific jeopardy may hold, the magnitude of the jeopardy ( I, e, how terrible it may be ) , and the good continuation that the jeopardy may impact a individual or belongings. The hazard appraisal helps de boundaryine how a jeopardy may be managed and how a hazard may be controlled.Probability the likeliness for an event to happen. one of the factors that serves as the dependent variable for hazard ( I.e. Risk=Probability * Severity ) orIt is a manner of showing cognition or belief that an event will happen or has occurred. In math the prepare has been given an exact signifi ci garetce in chance theory, that is used extensively in such countries of survey as mathematics, statistics, finance, gaming, scientific discipline, and doctrine to pull decisions about the likeliness of possible events and the implicit in mechanics of complex systems.Frequency Frequency is the rate at which a individual may come into contact with a jeopardy over a delimit length of clip. Or The conformation of times that a periodic map repeats the same sequence of determine during a unit fluctuation of the breakaway variableBadness Badness is the magnitude, or strength, with which a risky substance is exposed to a individual. It is the ratio for split uping earnestness for Technical support issues.Dose Is the sum of the jeopardy which we are exposed. It is defined by the denseness of the risky substance times the length of clip a individual is exposed.Dose is the construct of battery-acid is paramount for occupational hygiene and hazard direction. Dose refers to the sum of a substance to which we are exposed, and is a combination of the concentration of exposure and continuance of exposure.Dose= concentration*duration of exposureTLV-TWATLV values by and large refer to a national exposure criterion for a jeopardy ( i.e. chemical, dust, or radiation ) . It is a agency of quantifying the maximum concentrations of a peculiar substance in an country over a specified length of clip, and so using it as a criterion for wellness and safety s preemptors and responsibility bearers to put on as a manner of measuring hazard.TWA is an acronym for clip leaden norm. In this instance, the continuance of contaminant exposure is expressed over an eight hr working twenty-four hours and a quintette twenty-four hours working hebdomad. In this manner, this exposure criterion incorporates the upper limit and minimal exposure rates a individual experiences during a regular on the job twenty-four hours. The accent of an exposure set-apart clip is implicitly involved ( as wou ld be the instance for preventive ) so that certain organic structure thresholds are non passed.TLV-STELSTEL is an acronym for short term exposure bound. For some substances, a short term exposure criterion is needed since ague and chronic wellness affects may ensue. Alternatively of an eight hr twenty-four hours, this exposure criterion is bar over no more than 15 proceedingss.What are the chief mobile contaminants/pollutants that back do health-related jobs at mine sites?The Dust and particulates ( arsenic, lead, quicksilver and etc ) The Toxic bodgees ( C monoxide, sulfur dioxide and etc ) The Carcinogens ( asbestos, redolent(p) hydrocarbons, and etc ) The Flammable gases ( methane and C dioxide and etc ) The Radiation toxicant ( radon, U, Th and etc ) The Mixture of viruses and bacteriums.For a peculiar legal legal power ( state/country ) what are the legal demands for the concentration of the followers in the general organic structure of distributeing air flow ( maximum or lower limit ) ?Harmonizing to the HSISOxygen sheer O no limitationsOxygen diflouride TWA=.05 ppmMethane ( as a gas )Pure methane TWA=0, STEL=0Bromomethane 5ppm STEL=0 coke dioxideIn sear mines TWA= 12,500 ppm STEL= 30000 ppmRegular TWA= 5000 ppm STEL= 30,000 ppmCarbon monoxide TWA= 30 ppm STEL=0Hydrogen sulfide TWA= 10 ppm STEL= 15ppmRespirable dust ( no silicon oxide )Coal Dust TWA = 3 mg/ M3 STEL=0Soapstone TWA = 3 mg/ M3 STEL=0Vanadium TWA = 0.05 mg/ M3 STEL=0Graphite TWA = 3 mg/ M3 STEL=0Respirable dust ( with silicon oxide ) TWA= 2 mg/m3Oxides of NitrogenNitrogen Triflouride TWA= 10 ppm STEL=0azotic Oxide TWA= 25 ppm STEL=0Azotic Oxide TWA=25 ppm STEL=0Nitrogen dioxide TWA= 3ppm STEL=0Nitrogen tetroxide TWA= 0 STEL=0Define Dust, list and in brief describe the general preventive steps, which can be used to education or forestall exposure to high dust exposures.Dust caused by the mechanical decomposition of stuff can be defined as a aggregation of solid atoms whichAre dis persed in a gaseous strong suit ( normally air )Are able to stay suspended in the air for a comparatively long clipHave a high surface country to volume ratio.So briefly, over the full scope of airborne stuffs, dust by and large has the largest atom size although it can attest a broad particulate scope. In general, dust can be defined an merger of miscellaneous particulates ( solid affair ) that can divide and stay in suspension in air.Dust is by and large caused by mechanical weathering through, in the instance of mines, the usage of really big machines ( drills and crushers ) and blasts. Dust can each pass on an immediate jeopardy ( I, e, oculus annoyance ) or long term wellness effects ( radioactive atoms that stick to respirable dust which are later inhaled ) . Whether the effects are long term or short term, there are a figure of ways that duty callings can command or even extinguish dust.Preventive steps ( Elimination ) This is the best manner among all.This includes irr igating to rails down dust formation when film editing and boring guaranting that cutting equipment is crisp, and utilizing oils to transport mine cuts to an enclosed country. chthonian these conditions, the agencies of control is through riddance.A concluding piece of equipment is a unsighted hole bore bit which traps the dust generated through an enclosure.Ventilation ( Engineering ) This is an technology agencies of control dust through a straitlaced airing system.Here the air must be able to be strong plenty to tack together up the reasoned dust atoms to cut down the sum of dust concentrating in the air or on the land.Dust extraction and filtration systems that pump in the dusty air, filter out the atoms and so transmit out cleaner air.Removal of employees ( Administrative ) This is an administrative outpouring where the employees are fundamentally retravel from the jeopardy thereby extinguishing exposure.This is frequently non really practical, specially in medium/ thin operations, or in rural operations where all employees are needed, or working rotary motion is non an option.Use of gas helmet ( PPE ) This is the least manner control nevertheless we have no other option.Here a worker uses a inhalator in order to filtrate out the dust, thereby understating hazard by cut downing exposure.However, many inhalators can be excessively heavy or cumbrous to cover with, particularly belowground.Discuss how methane is generated in mines. What are the cardinal hazards associated with methane, and how can the hazards be managed?Methane coevals in minesThis is produced by bacterial and chemical action on organic stuff and is evolved during both the formation of coal and crude oil. mavin of the most joint strata gases. It is non toxic but is unsafe as it can organize an volatile concoction with air. A methane/air mixture normally called firedamp.Methane is normally associated with coal mines but it is besides normally found in other mines which are ove r or underlain by carbonous formations. Methane is retained indoors breaks, nothingnesss and pores within stone either as a tight gas or adsorbed on mineral surfaces. When mining disturbs the stone the gas force per unit country gradient set up surrounded by the root of methane and the airing system induces flow of methane along natural or excavation induced breaks towards the gap.Key HazardMethane has no smell, but it is frequently accompanied by hints of heavier hydrocarbons in the paraffin series, which have a peculiar(prenominal) oily odor. The denseness of methane is a small over half that of air. This gives rise to the danger of methane layering in pools along the roof of belowground gaps. The perkiness of methane can besides do jobs in inclined workings.Methane Burnss in air with a pale blue fire. The explosible scope for methane in air is by and large quoted as 5-15 % with maximal explosibility at 9.8 % . The lower bound remains reasonably changeless, the upper bound re duces as the O nitty-gritty of air falls. To track the flammability of methane air mixtures a coward diagram as shown in figure 2 can be used. With relation to calculate 1 cowardFigure 1 The coward diagram for methane in air.In regularise A the mixture is non flammable but is likely to go so if farther methane is added.In regularize B the mixture is explosive and has a lower limit nose value at 12.2 % OZones C and D illustrate mixtures that may be in certain countries.Methane beds have two chief jeopardies associated with themLayers extend the zones within which ignitions can happenWhen an ignition occurs the methane bed acts as an effectual fuse along which the fire can propagate, sometimes taking to much larger accretions in roof pits or in the mariner.Methane and Carbon dioxide ( mixtures of the two gases ) if mixed with N will do the dangers atmosphere. Because this associated with gas effusions areSuffocation of mineworkers by gas and dust. Compressed air line of lifes may be maintained on or leave out to faces that are prone to effusions.The force of the effusion may damage equipment, doing triping that may light the extremely flammable gas/dust mixture.The sudden enlargement of a big volume of gas can commove the airing system of the mine.To command and ManageTo command and pull off the hazard of Methane, foremost of all demand to cognize the beginnings and nature of methane, and how the methane is let go ofing and migrating. And so apprehension of hazards can easy take to larn of the methane hazard direction. The major systems as follows,In its of course happening province in a coal seam, firedamp does non represent an explosive hazard. However, where firedamp released from next seams meets fresh-air in the goaf, the firedamp is diluted and explosive mixtures ( around 5 % to 15 % methane in air ) are formed. Effective firedamp control is indispensable for safe working and involves supplying eitherFace-End Ventilation and Gas Control good design ed Ventilation flow avoid the hazard of methane gas.Firedamp drainpipe on Retreat Longwalls Firedamp gaining control efficiencies on longwall faces typically lie between 60 % and 80 % of the integral gas on progressing faces and from 30 % to 60 % of the entire gas on retreat faces.Options and Addendums to Firedamp Drain at that place are airing options applicable to some retreat longwall coalfaces which can rid of the demand for dearly-won firedamp drainage. such(prenominal) methods ( eg. hemophiliac roads and sewer gate systems ) are aimed at deviating gas off from working coalfaces along paths separate from those used to serve the face.Goaf Flushing Goaf flushing has been used for temporarily betterment of firedamp concentrations in a territory give in but it is non a recommended gas control solution. The method is by and large applied to a fully-developed goaf ( Internet Explorer. where sufficient goaf has been created to organize a significant gas reservoir ) . The airing for ce per unit area a drag a territory is reduced, after work forces have been withdrawn, leting high gas concentration gas to migrate frontward into the return airway. Transport activities in the chief return may hold to be suspended. Finally, the equilibrium between gas flow into the waste and gas flow into the return is restored, the gas concentration in the territory return cosmos at a higher concentration than earlier out-of-pocket to the reduced air measure. On reconstructing the original air flow, the gas is forced into the goaf, off from the face, therefore cut downing the emanation into the return until equilibrium conditions are one time once more obtained. This attack is non advised due to the uncontrolled release of elevated firedamp concentrations into air passages and across electric equipment.Methane Drain To guide forth gaseous fuel and/or to cut down methane emanations in to airing system its been used. Methane that is deadened demands to be transported safely to t he point of legal transfer, the substructure that is required to accomplish this consists of the followers Pipe ranges, Proctors, Safety devices, Controls, extractor pumpsOther than all above mentioned, in single states they are following up regulations and ordinances to command and pull off the hazard of Methane. Here is an illustration UK statute law provinces,Electrical power must be switched off when the general organic structure concentration of methane exceeds 1.25 % .If methane concentration exceeds 2 % forces other than those associated with bettering the airing in the country should go forth the country.Discuss the beginnings and hazards associated with arsenic, quicksilver and nitriles. How can the hazards be managed?quicksilver BeginningsNatural beginningsVentsVolatilization from oceans corrosion of natural sedimentations clement ActivitiesEstimated to be 1/3-2/3 of the entire quicksilver released into the environment.Beginnings includeStack losingss from vermilion roa stingThe working and smelting of alloysCoal fired power workssDischarges from mines, refineries and millsCombustion of coal and municipal wastes, industrial wastes and boilersMedical waste incineratorsPesticidesOverflow from landfills/croplandsquicksilver HazardsContinuityCan alter signifier,Can non be destroyedSolubilityCinnabar ( HgS ) is indissoluble ( and resists enduring ) Liquid Hg is somewhat soluble in water.BioaccumulationHg methylation signifiers CH3Hg+ which is easy absorbed by beings and biomagnifies from the underside to the top of the nutrient concatenationBioaccumulates ( dressed ores ) in heftiness and tissue of fish and other wildlifeCH3Hg+ by and large increases by a factor of 10 or less with each measure up the nutrient concatenation arsenous anhydride BeginningsArsenopyrite ( FeAsS ) is the most common arsenic mineral in ores and is besides a by-product associated with Cu, gold, Ag, and lead/zinc excavation.Arsenic trioxide ( Fe2As3 ) is present in flue gases from Cu ore roastingcoal-burning power workss and incinerators besides may let go of As into ambiance.Water mean concentration is 1 ppb, but can be & gt 1,000 ppb in mining countries As+5 most prevailing many compounds dissolve in H2O.Arsenic HazardsArsenic is a gay carcinogenIn worlds the primary mug variety meats are the tegument and vascular systembirds, animate beings, workss, and fresh water fish can go contaminatedToxicity in H2O is determined by H2O temperature, pH, organic content, phosphate concentration, suspended dirts, presence of oxidizers, and speciationNitriles BeginningsCan leach from landfills and cyanide-containing route salts every bit good as to the ambiance from auto fumes ( hydrogen nitrile gas HCN ) .Some nutrients ( Prunus dulciss and capital of Peru beans ) contain nitriles of courseIt can be produced by some bacteriums, Fungis, and algaeSpills Cyanide and other heavy metal pollutants overflowed a dike at Baia Mare, Romania, polluting 250 stat mis of rivers, and killing nose candy0000s of fishMost persistent in groundwater & A at higher pHNitriles HazardsOral lethal dosage of KCN for an grownup is 200 milligramairborne concentrations of 270 ppm is fatalLong term exposure to lower degrees consequences in bosom strivings, take a breathing troubles, purging, blood alterations, concerns and thyroid secretory organ expansionCN does non bio-accumulate in fishCyanide hazard Control MethodsProduction Encourage responsible nitrile fabrication by buying from makers who operate in a safe and environmentally protective mode.Transportation system Protect communities and the environment during cyanide conveyance.Managing and Storage Protect workers and the environment during nitrile handling and storage.Operationss Manage cyanide procedure solutions and waste watercourses to protect forgiving wellness and the environment.Decommissioning Protect communities and the environment from nitrile through cultivation and execution of decommission ing programs for nitrile installations.Worker Safety Protect workers wellness and safety from exposure to cyanideEmergency Response Protect communities and the environment through the development of exigency response schemes and capablenesss.Training Train workers and exigency response forces to pull off nitrile in a safe and environmentally protective mode. workaday review of leach residue storage pools and shadowings bringing grapevines ensuant coverage and a system of exigency processs Systems for informations recording, rating, reading and coverage Procedure technician preparation and soul of possible nitrile related jobs, including personal safety and impacts on the environing natural environment systematic records direction and certification of carnal mortalities Integrating cyanide direction processs into the site Environmental wariness Plan which is currently being updated.Arsenic and quicksilver hazard control methodsThe above mentioned methods are suited to follow Ars enic and quicksilver every bit good. However in practical universe, it depends upon the harmness, will change to importances of handling.Specify the imprisoned of airing in belowground mines. What types of airings systems are common?The intent for airing in mines is to thin assorted signifiers of gases. These gases could be either a chemical jeopardy ( as in carbon-monoxide and dust ) or explosive physical jeopardies such as methane accretion along the roofs of mine shafts.Ventilation systems frequently come in the signifier of,fans which control air flowarrests and seals will seal escapes in peculiar to older minesDoors and air locksRegulators which is a door with an appropriate transition to keep air force per unit area gradientsAircrossings which forfeit suction and blowing airing systems to easy by base on balls one another and non let for cross taintElectrical power is normally employed in mines, what work patterns would you specify for the care of galvanising equipment?Alwa ys to be Maintained, reviewed and modified mine power supply systems.Make certain Consistently inspect machineraries and carry out trials for mistakes and jeopardiesMake certain ever the galvanizing equipment is decently viewed, so that arrange some visible radiations near electrical equipment in belowground mines to guarantee to be seeable.Make certain turn constrain processs to guarantee noise and electrical jeopardies over electromotive forces, current ordinance, noise degree decreases etc. , are maintained to allow legislative criterions.Without excessively much emphasis, seek to supply machinery that can be moved easy that are besides within legislative demands and can provide equal electricityCreate an alternate power supply beginning in instance of machinery dislocation which allows to make care activities.For the warm designation, install proper mine overseas telegrams with appropriate food colour materials coding system.And following safety regulations and ordinances besides makes the good work patterns for the care of electrical equipment.Failure to exert cautiousness may ensue in hurt, so cautiousness must be used when runing or mending electrical equipmentWhen executing electrical work, ever use the proper protective equipment, such as safety spectacless, protective baseball mitts, and a decently rated metre.State ordinances, Australian Standards and company policies are designed to guard against electrical jeopardies in the excavation industry. So following up those are really indispensableWet conditions may eat metal electrical constituents and do their failure. Falling stone may damage an electrical overseas telegram or constituent. So need to avoid those sort of unsafe conditions before put ining at specific topographic points or demand to take attention to avoid those jobs.Exercise cautiousness to be used to utilize proper protective equipment when working with batteries. Because batteries could detonate and do hurt or could light and do fires. all told have to be cognizant and particularly all electrician decently trained to Be sleepless and knowing of the jeopardies of electricity.Make certain ever maintaining attitude tono electrical work can be performed until the electrical circuit is knocked, locked, and tagged.Always make certain the frame land is decently connected.No electrical work shall be performed except by a qualified individual. Circuit surfs and gulfs shall be marked for designation. Circuit interrupting devices or proper fuses, shall be installed to protect against short circuit and overloads.Unpluging devices shall be locked and tagged out. All electrical equipment shall be examined, tested, decently maintained, and consequences recorded as requiredYour mine employs grapevines to convey the followersCompressed air helper H2OMethaneRun of mine drainage H2OHow would you guarantee that each grapevine can be readily identified by a speedy ocular review?Coloring the pipes with different sort of colors s may give solution to this instance.ExamplesBlue coloring material for service H2ORed coloring material for Compressed airGreen coloring material for MethaneYellow coloring material for mine drainage H2OThis manner each pipe is easy visualised in the mine. A mark that demarcates the coloring material coding system will besides be necessary to clear up the coloring material cryptography system.Distinguish, with the usage of illustrations, the difference between major, chronic and minor incidents. What are the legal demands for describing these different types of incidents in your legal power?Incident is a happening of an event that has a non human component to it ( unlike accidents ) .Major incidents Are sudden alterations which are dramatic, necessitate immediate responses, and are by and large dearly-won and a figure of human deaths. An illustration is methane gas effusions in belowground coal mines.ExamplesMajor fire, detonationFatalityStructural prostrationMajor equipment harmMa jor hurt of productionTypically cost 1000000s of moneysChronic Incidents Are events that result in an hurt is related to a figure of causes, and have effects that are lower in magnitude and strength than major incidents. Sometimes these events may do change in the normal processs in mines.ExamplesRecuring quality divergence.Recuring equipment failure.System corrosion/erosion.Fleeting emanations.Slips, trips and falls. pip-squeak Incidents Or near miss incidents which do non involved in any loss or hurt but if a different event occurred, could do hurt or injury.When these incidents happened, the legal demand is 5 stairss1. Reporting2. Gathering the Facts3. Determine Cause ( s )4. Develop and Implement Corrective Action5. admonisher and ReviewDiscuss four theories of accident causing.Domino theoryIt is developed by Herbert Hinrich ( Travelers Insurance Co ) in 1920.Says that hurts occur from actions that interact. The hurts are caused by unassured Acts of the Apostless by workers and are by and large preventable given proper safety preparation.It includesInjuries arise from a set of complete actionsMost hurts arise from insecure Acts of the ApostlessAccidents are mostly preventableInsecure Acts of the Apostless can hold ulterior effects vs immediateManagement should take controlHarmonizing to Heinrich, five factors can take up to an accidentLineage and societal environmentMistake of a individualInsecure mechanical or physical state of personal matterssThe accident itself ( falls, being hit )Injury Typically lacerations and breaksUnder this rubric, direction should take control and supply safety to workers.Human Factors TheoryAccidents are caused by human mistake under three chief factorsOverload ( derangement in a individuals capacity )Inappropriate Response How a individual responds to a state of affairsInappropriate Activity Human mistake in judgement, action, way, etc. )Accident and Incident TheoryAsper this theory, the environment is a cause alternati vely of human mistake. The design and excessively high of outlook in work end product are the causes of accidents. Therefore, there is an indirect influence of direction and economic factors ( deadlines, agenda, budget, peer force per unit area etc. ) that can take to bad judgement and therefore accidents. The Accident and Incident Theory proposes a causal relationship exists between direction clime and focal point, and accident causing.epidemiologic TheoryAccidents are caused bya ) sensitivity features ( cultural, physical charecteristics, societal norms )B ) Situational characterisitics ( unequal preparation, small counsel, or direction clime ) .Under this theory there is a causing nexus between the environment and societal or mental factors. The Epidemiology theory holds that theoretical accounts used for survey and finding of disease can be utilized for accident causing as good( a ) What is occupational audience loss?A signifier of hearing loss due to the disfunction of the a uditory nervus, ( i.e. hearing loss ) that is caused by the overexposure to noise degrees of high strength ) . This is besides called acoustic injury hearing lossSpecify the footings frequence, strength, dubnium, dubnium ( A )Frequency The rate at which sound atoms vibrate through an elastic medium that the ear can comprehend as sound .Frequency = Cycles per Second = Hertz = Hz1000 Hz = 1 Kilohertz = 1 kilohertz = Human VoiceIntensity Intensity is the sum of capability going through a unit volume of air during a certain timeframe.dubnium The dB ( dubnium ) is a logarithmic unit that indicates the ratio of a physical measure ( normally power or strength ) relation to a specified or implied mention degree.Amplitude = Loudness = Decibels = dubnium60 dB = middling Speaking Voicedubnium ( A ) It is the frequence response disregard which is resembles the normal frequence hearing curve for most people. A metre utilizing this web will give a consequence which does hold some resemblance in degree to that degree which is experienced by most peopleThe other manner we can state that, Noise is measured in dBs ( dubnium ) at a certain graduated table, such as A or C. The dB graduated table is logarithmic. That means, with a 5dB exchange rate, 95 dubnium is 100 % more noise than 90 dubnium.Specify the term Daily Noise Dose what factors influence this?Daily Noise DoseThe Daily Noise is an exposure criterion that measures the grade a individual working is able to be exposed to resound. Worksafe states that a degree of 85 dubnium ( S ) ( ie not analog criterion ) over 8 hr twenty-four hours ( much like the clip weight norm ( TWA ) exposure standard ) should non be breached, nor a peak degree of 140 dubniums at any specific clip should non be breached ( much like the TLV-STEL ) . If exposure to resound is to happen above these degrees a step of control upon noise is required.Harmonizing the National Institute for Occupational Safety NIOSH the day-to-day dosage degree D should non be or transcend 100.When the day-to-day noise exposure consists of periods of different noise degrees, the day-to-day dosage can be calculated asD = ( te1 / td1 + te2 / td2 + + ten / tdn ) 100 % A A A A A A A A A ( 1 )whereD = day-to-day noise exposure ( % )Te = exposure clip at a specified noise degreetd = maximal continuance clip at a specified noise degreeThe day-to-day dosage can be converted to an 8-hr Time-Weighted Average -TWA by the expressionTWA = 10 log ( D / 100 ) + 85A A A A A A A A ( 2 )