Regal Entertainment Group Weaknesses

Regal’s substantial lease and debt obligations could impair our financial condition. Regal has substantial lease and debt obligations. As of December 31, 2009, they had total debt obligations of $1,997. 1 million. As of December 31, 2009, Regal had total contractual cash obligations of approximately $6,330. 3 million. If Regal is unable to meet their lease and debt service obligations, they could be forced to restructure or refinance their obligations and seek additional equity financing or sell assets Our theatres operate in a competitive environment. The motion picture exhibition industry is fragmented and highly competitive with no significant barriers to entry. Moviegoers are generally not brand conscious and usually choose a theatre based on its location, the films showing there and its amenities. Generally, stadium seating found in modern megaplex theatres is preferred by patrons over slopefloored multiplex theatres, which were the predominant theatre-type built prior to 1996. Although, as of December 31, 2009, approximately 80% of Regal’s screens were located in theatres featuring stadium seating, we still serve many markets with sloped-floored multiplex theatres. These theatres may be more vulnerable to competition than their modern megaplex theatres. Regal depends on motion picture production and performance. Regal’s ability to operate successfully depends upon the availability, diversity and appeal of motion pictures, our ability to license motion pictures and the performance of such motion pictures in our markets. We license first-run motion pictures, the success of which has increasingly depended on the marketing efforts of the major motion picture studios. Poor performance of, or any disruption in the production of these motion pictures (including by reason of a strike or lack of adequate financing), or a reduction in the marketing efforts of the major motion picture studios, could hurt their business. Development of digital technology may increase our capital expenses. The industry is in the process of converting film-based media to electronic-based media. There are a variety of constituencies associated with this anticipated change, which may significantly impact industry participants, including content providers, distributors, equipment providers and exhibitors. An increase in the use of alternative film delivery methods may drive down movie theatre attendance and reduce ticket prices. Regal also competes with other movie delivery vehicles, including cable television, downloads via the Internet, in-home video and DVD, satellite and pay-per-view services. Traditionally, when motion picture distributors licensed their products to the domestic exhibition industry, they refrained from licensing their motion pictures to these other delivery vehicles during the theatrical release window. A material contraction of the current theatrical release window could significantly dilute the consumer appeal of the in-theatre motion picture offering, which could have a material adverse effect on Regal. Regal depends on their relationships with film distributors. The film distribution business is highly concentrated, with ten major film distributors accounting for approximately 95% of our admissions revenues during fiscal 2009. Regal depends on maintaining good relations with these distributors. No assurance of a supply of motion pictures. Regal cannot assure ourselves of a supply of motion pictures by entering into long-term arrangements with major distributors, but must compete for our licenses on a film-by-film and theatre-by-theatre basis. A prolonged economic downturn could materially affect our business by reducing consumer spending on movie attendance. Regal depends on consumers voluntarily spending discretionary funds on leisure activities. Motion picture theatre attendance may be affected by prolonged negative trends in the general economy that adversely affect consumer spending. A prolonged reduction in consumer confidence or disposable income in general may affect the demand for motion pictures or severely impact the motion picture production industry, which, in turn, could adversely affect Regal’s operations.

Research of Restaraunt for Business Research

Table of Contents Introduction3 Research Objectives3 Research Questions4 Answers to Research Questions5 Answer to Research Question 1. 5 Answer to Question 2. 6 Answer to Question 3. 7 Answer to Question 4. 8 Answer to Question 5. 9 Answer to Question 6. 10 Recommendations for the Remington’s Restaurant11 References14 Introduction The Remington restaurant, located in Tampa Florida, wanted to better understand their customer’s views and opinions of the restaurant by using a survey method.This method would reveal the perception of the customer to see what category the Remington restaurant is in, what performance the customer expects, and how satisfied the customers are when they leave the Remington restaurant. This is the best way for the Remington restaurant to improve their service because it paints a picture of what how the customer views their services. Even though competition is important to any business, the customers are the biggest asset to the company.By research ing the customer’s perception of the restaurant one will see how the customer chooses the restaurant desired, how important performance is to the customer, and what was the overall satisfactory. One can acquire such information by reviewing and discussing the survey, finding out what is most or least important to the customer, seeing what is expected on how the restaurant performs, and discussing the satisfaction of the customer. In order to get this information, different methods will be used such as coefficient of variation, coefficients of determination and other tatistical techniques. There are six main research questions that will be addressed that will help the Remington restaurant see how the customers view the restaurant as a whole, and show the restaurant where and how to improve their business. Research Objectives 1. Discuss the type of survey used by the Remington Restaurant and how effective it is by using a research survey design. Compare effectiveness of the res earch to the other research designs of the subordinate data, experiments or observation in the context of collecting information for this project. . Describe the demographic profile of the average Remington customer. 3. Classify and describe which influence is most important to the customers in selecting a place to eat, and what is the least important factor that influences customers in selecting a restaurant. 4. Examine the Remington Restaurant scores on each of the six perception of portions of food, knowledgeable employees, food quality, swift service, atmosphere, and prices. 5. Justify if the Remington Restaurant is providing the expectations that customers want when choosing a restaurant. 6.Decide if there is a connection between being satisfied with the Remington Restaurant and the service, food portion, smart employees, quality of food and fast service. 7. Review the surveys to see what the Zagat Review Research Questions 1. What kind of survey did the Remington Restaurant us e? What kind of result was found by the research design? Compare the effectiveness of the survey research to the other subordinate data, experimentation or observation in the perspective of gathering information for this project. 2. What is the demographic profile of the average Remington Restaurant customer? . Which is most important to the customer when selecting a restaurant and what is least important when selecting a restaurant? 4. How does the Remington Restaurant score on each of the six perception measures of food portions, smart employees, food quality, fast service, atmosphere and prices? 5. Is the Remington Restaurant producing a good influence when selecting a place to eat? 6. Is there a connection between customer’s satisfaction with the Remington Restaurant with the perception of large food portions, smart employees, food quality and quick service?Answers to Research Questions Answer to Research Question 1. The purpose of this section is to answer the first rese arch question. The first question, which is; what kind of survey did the Remington Restaurant use? What kind of result was found by the research design? Compare the effectiveness of the survey research to the other subordinate data, experimentation or observation in the perspective of gathering information for this project. The type of survey that the Remington Restaurant used was the self-administered Internet survey.This kind of survey is probably the cheapest survey for the person collecting data. It involves minimum personnel and low cost as compared with other methods. Since 73% of American households are actively using the Internet, an Internet survey would be the best idea to cover a large location fact while conserving energy, money, and time (Cooper, Schindler, 2008). Internet survey’s can also give one access to graphs, charts and percentages automatically. Also, the Internet survey will be able to give one an idea of the customer’s attitude and perception of the Remington’s Restaurant.By using secondary information one would be able to see general information such as, what the demographic is of the average family is in the area, what is the general income, and how many times the family eats at restaurant in a week. By shifting the focus off of the Remington’s Restaurant and on to the genre of restaurants the Remington’s Restaurant is associated with would dilute the information the Remington’s Restaurant wanted to know about their customer’s satisfaction with the Remington’s Restaurant. Methods such as observational and experimental research would not be ffective for the Remington’s Restaurant. The observational method would not be effective because it would only tell one the behavior of the people such as body language. The experimental method would require a laboratory setting and would not be practical. The main goal for the research is to find out how the customers perceive the perfo rmance of the restaurant and their satisfaction. Also, the Remington’s Restaurant wants to know how their customers select a restaurant. Answer to Question 2. The purpose for this section is to answer the second question.The second question is; what is the demographic profile of the average Remington Restaurant customer? The main variables are as follows: the children who live at home, viewed advertisements, gender, income, age, and familiar competitors. The questionnaire was simple and easy to understand. The applicant had to answer just one number on each question. On the table below one will see the demographic of people who visit the Remington’s Restaurant most often. In statistics the number (or in this case the persons) that occur most frequently is the mode.The information is from the results from the survey taken by customers. Table 1: Demographic Description of the Remington Restaurant’s customers ——————— —————————- VariableCentral TendencyResultStd. Deviation Age335-491 Gender0Male0 Number of Children11 to None1 Advertisements 0No0 Income235k-50k1 Competitors1Outback1 ————————————————- One can see by looking at the table above that the people who visit the Remington’s Restaurant frequently are males who are between the ages of 35 and 49, and make 35,000 to 50,000 a year.These men also have one child, have not seen advertisements for the Remington Restaurant, Outback, and Longhorn. One can also see that the major competitor is Outback Steakhouse. Answer to Question 3. The purpose for this section is to answer the third question which is; which is most important to the customer when selecting a restaurant and what is least important when selecting a restaurant? The variable for this question are as follows ; large food portions, smart employees, excellent food quality, fast service, good atmosphere, and good prices. The choices for these questions are fixed.The applicant had a choice to rate each variable from 1 to 7, which 1 was strongly disagree and 7 was strongly agree. The answer below includes the mean and standard deviation. Table 2: Remington’s Patron’s Criteria In Restaurant Selection ————————————————- ————————————————- VariableMeanStandard Deviation Large Portions5. 86 Quality of Food61. 02 Speed of Service71 Atmosphere5. 95 Reasonable Prices51. 04 From the information from the table above one can see that anything rated over 5 is important to the customer.The variable competent employees were rated under 5 and therefore not important to the majority of customers. Answer to Question 4. The purpose of this section is to answer the fourth question, which is; how does the Remington Restaurant score on each of the six perception measures of food portions, smart employees, food quality, fast service, atmosphere and prices? One will see what kind of perception the customers have of the variables listed in the question. These questions were asked in the same format as the third section. The questions had fixed answers from 1 to 7 with 1 strongly disagree and 7 strongly agree.The answers in the table include the mean and standard deviation. Table 3: Remington’s Patron’s Perceptions ————————————————- ————————————————- VariableMeanStandard Deviation Has Large Portions3. 91 Has Quality of Food6. 9 6 Has Speed of Service31. 21 Has Atmosphere61. 21 Has Reasonable Prices5. 81 Has Competent Employees41. 35 ————————————————- One can see from the table above that large portions and speed of service is below average. Food quality, atmosphere, and reasonable prices are above average.Competent employees are average. Answer to Question 5. The purpose for this section is to answer the fifth question; is the Remington Restaurant producing a good influence when selecting a place to eat? The variables in this case are similar to the previous question and include large food portions, competent employees, food quality, fast service, atmosphere, and reasonable prices. These variables were rated by the customer and given a choice to choose one number for each question. The numbers that represented the answers for the questions were at a range from 1 to 7.The number 1 represented that the customer strongly disagreed and the number 7 was that the customer strongly agreed. Table 4: Importance and Perceptions ————————————————- ————————————————- VariableWhat Customers Expect (Mean)Actual Performance (Mean) Quality of Food66 ————————————————- Fast Service63 One can see here that the Remington’s Restaurant is performing how the customer expects them to perform as a restaurant. This is almost one of the most important factors of the restaurant.The quality of food as expected, but the fast service needs improving. Answer to Question 6. The purpose of this section is to answer the final question, is there a connection between customer ’s satisfaction with the Remington Restaurant with the perception of large food portions, smart employees, food quality and quick service? From the table below one will find the correlation between the variable and the satisfaction of the customers. Table 4: Importance and Perceptions ————————————————- ————————————————-Variablerr2 Large Portions. 41. 17 ————————————————- Competent Employees. 55. 31 ————————————————- Food Quality. 33. 11 ————————————†”———- Speed of Service. -. 6. 004 ————————————————- Good Atmosphere. 40. 15 ————————————————- Good Prices. 06. 004 One can see here that there is a weak and positive relationship between the large portions and satisfaction. The large portions were 17% of the change in satisfaction.Having competent employees was a modest and positive correlation with satisfaction. If the competence of the employees increases, so does the satisfaction. There was a weak positive relationship with the food quality and satisfaction. Food quality was only 11% of satisfaction. There is also a weak and negative correlation between speed of service and satisfaction. In the end one can see that the competent employees are rated the highest in customer satisfaction. R ecommendations for the Remington’s Restaurant Regarding question one. The Remington’s Restaurant has done a good job in the survey method.The self administered, web based survey is the best way to cover a large geographical area in a short amount of time. The survey method is also a good way to retrieve data fast. One of the most important aspects about the survey method is how one can rate an attitude toward something. Regarding question two. The Remington’s Restaurant main customer was a 35-49 year old male who makes 35,001 to 49,000 dollars a year and has one child. The main customer has never seen an advertisement for the Remington’s Restaurant or any of its competitors.A good recommendation for the Remington’s Restaurant would be to advertise more. Also, the competition has not made an impact in the advertising category and would be in favor of the Remington’s Restaurant to pioneer this field. Regarding question three. The average custo mer held competent employees, atmosphere and quality of food of high importance. Being that the Remington’s Restaurant is in the food business, it should strive to keep the quality of food as a high priority. Having competent employees is an asset to the company but should not be valued over the quality of food.Regarding question four. When one looking at table 3 one can see that the Remington’s Restaurant is doing well with the quality of food, atmosphere and employees, but there are areas that need much improvement. Large portions and the speed of service are below average and must far exceed the customer’s expectations. Any business should not settle for average or below average results. Training the employees on time management and having a smooth flowing system to better serve the customers would be ideal in this situation.Also, if the portions can not expand anymore the restaurant should offer the customers free appetizers that are cheap and filling. Bread and chips would be a good start for this process. Offering the customer cheap food will allow for the portions to stay the same and not lose any money on the main courses. Regarding question five. The food must stay at the top of the priority list. The customers value food the most and should expect the food to always be outstanding. A strict procedure to test the quality of the food must be practiced on a regular schedule to ensure that all customers are receiving the same unique aste of the restaurant. Regarding question six. The employees must know what they are serving. The customer’s rated the employee’s knowledge 31% which is over a third of the satisfaction. It may be just a fraction, but it can also the opening and closing of a sale. When a customer feels like he is being taken care of, the sales will increase and the testimony of the company will prosper. Most people do not eat alone and will bring others with them References Cooper, D. & Schindler, P. (2008) . Business research methods (10th ed. ). New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin

Professional Nursing Organization- AANN Essay

Becoming a nurse is more than just performing patient assessments, passing medications, and charting. When entering the nursing profession one feels a sense of pride, an ethical obligation, and a desire to uphold a certain image nurses want to display. To its members, guide nursing behaviors, are instrumental in clinical decision making, and influence how nurses think about themselves† (Creasia & Friberg, 2011, p. 49)†. The profession’s values give direction and meaninAs a new graduate nurses are overwhelm with learning the technical components of nurses and the desire to uphold the image of the nursing profession can be placed on the back burner. As nurses pass the novice stage of the career their core values provide the desire to expand their scope of practice, or clinical autonomy. Becoming a member of a professional nursing organization allows nurses to expand their clinical autonomy and â€Å"provide a structure for the exercise of autonomy and accountability to ensure that quality services will be provided by competent professionals† (Creasia & Friberg, 2011, p. 63). A professional organization is â€Å"an organization of practitioners who judge one another as professionally competent and have banded together to perform social functions which they can perform in their separate capacity as individuals† (Creasia & Friberg, 2011, p 63. A professional nursing organization such as the American Association of Neuroscience Nurses requires its members to display specific core values and guiding principles that contribute to the â€Å"advancement of neuroscience nursing as a specialty through the development and support of nurses to promote excellence in patient care† (American Association of Neuroscience Nurses). The members of the AANN share values such as excellence, innovation, collaboration, integrity, and visionary. AANN members also think strategically in order to achieve the organization’s goals of advancement in nursing, are results-oriented and focus on outcomes by assessing â€Å"efficiency, effectiveness, impact, and qual ity; †¦use benchmarks and/or historical data when available to evaluate performance.† (AANN). It is not necessary to be a  RN to join the AANN, but it is a requirement that a member must be a RN in order to vote and hold office in the organization. Becoming a member of the AANN comes with a myriad of social and educational opportunities. The AANN has eight Special Focus Groups and they include: Advanced Practice Nurse, Epilepsy, Movement Disorders, Neuromuscular/MS, Neuro-oncology, Neurotrauma, Pediatrics, Spine, and Stroke. Membership also provides opportunities for volunteering, AANN publications, an ANA eMembership, education advancement, and a discount on fees for a CNRN certification. The AANN supports the Certified Neuroscience Registered Nurse (CNRN) certification and offers members assistance with fees in order to promote professional and education development of its members.. The CNRN certification is accredited by the Accreditation Board for Specialty Nursing Certification (ABSNC), helps hospitals achieve or maintain a Magnet status and a CNRN certified nurse is a high caliber nurse with a strong commitment to neuroscience nursing. Members are also associated with the many partnerships the AANN has secured such as the Journal of Neuroscience Nursing, and alliances with the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association (AHA/ASA), the Neuroscience Nurses Foundation (NNF), We Move, the World Federation of Neuroscience Nurses (WFNN), the World Parkinson Congress, and many more. In the current issue of the Journal of Neuroscience Nursing there is an article that researched the factors that influence the decision of treatment options in MS patients. The study showed that there is a core theme when it comes to a MS patient’s decision about treatment. â€Å"The core theme included reflection about self-image, quality of life, goals, and being a person with MS† (Lowden, Virginia, & Ritchie2014). According to Lowden et. al (2014), common themes supporting this core theme were (a) weighing a deciding what’s important, (b) acknowledging the illness as part of oneself, (c) playing the mental ga me, (d) seeking credible resources, evaluating symptoms and fit with quality of life, and (f) managing the roles and involvement of family. The AANN participates in The Nursing Community in order to address specific nursing issues and promote the professional stature of nursing. The Nursing Community â€Å" is a forum for national professional nursing associations to  build consensus and advocate on a wide spectrum of healthcare and nursing issues, including practice, education, and research† (AANN). Another way the AANN promotes nursing professionalism is through its Advocacy Committee. The purpose of the Advocacy Committee is to â€Å"educate, inform, and encourage people interested in healthcare issues to become knowledgeable about the legislative process and become involved in health policy advocacy. Please use this information to take action to support neuroscience nurses to improve the nation’s healthcare system† (AANN). In order for an organization to promote professionalism there must be a role model that portrays the characteristics of a professional. The president of the AANN is Megan Keiser, RN DNP CNRN NP-C. Being not only a RN, receiving a CNRN certification, the president of the AANN, Megan Keiser, is also a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP). According to Creasia & Friberg, (2011), the extent to which the profession attracts and uses the people who earn the most respected advanced degrees and then gives those people the opportunity to be role models and spokespersons for nursing will determine how the profession will grow in viability, usefulness, and esteem. Works Cited American Association of Neuroscience Nurses. (nd).Retrieved from http://www.aann.org/about/content/aannboard.html Creasia, J. L. & Friberg, E.E. (Eds.). (2011). Conceptual foundations: The bridge to professional nursing practice (5th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby Elsevier. Lowden, D., Lee, V., & Richie, J.A. (2014). Redefining Self: Patients’ Decision Making About Treatment for Multiple Sclerosis. Journal of Neuroscience Nursing, 46 (4), doi 1097/JNN.0000000000000064.

Stratigic Financial Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

Stratigic Financial Management - Essay Example The main trends of the industry are the explosion in electronic trading; the service providers have their own technologies and systems; and the coming of the age of media personalization. On the other hand, to analyze the company situation was considered the product and market strategy, its business unit situation and the financial performance. With respect to financial performance, Reuters had a gradual improvement in sales in 2005, but its profitability has been very volatile in the last few years, nevertheless in February 2006 experienced an amazing 25% increase in its 2005 profits. The question here is if the sale of INSTINET has benefited not only Reuters but also Nasdaq According to financial data presented, both companies are in a much stronger and healthy financial position than before the sale of Instinet. With nearly 200 news bureaus, Reuters ranks as the world's largest international news agency, publishing stories in almost 20 languages. Reuters has always been an innovative leader in delivering news. In 1850 Reuters founder, Paul Julius Reuter, "created a company devoted to delivering information using the best available technology" ("History of Reuters' Technical developments," p. 1). In 1850, the best available technology was a fleet of 45 pigeons that would deliver news and stock prices between Brussels and Germany within two hours. Through the use of these birds, the company was able to beat news delivery by the railroad by six hours. Reuter quickly exploited the technology of the telegraph as soon as it was introduced. Throughout the years Reuters has continued to lead in new uses of information technology. Reuters remains the leading global provider of news, financial information and technology solutions to the world's financial institutions, businesses and the media. According to its website: "Reuters strength lies in its unique ability to offer customers around the world a combination of content, technology and connectivity. Its offerings include: real-time financial data; transaction capabilities; analytical, risk and trade management tools; collective investment data from Lipper; historical databases; and text, graphics, video and pictures to media organisations woldwide." ("Aboutreuters.com," p. 1). Reuters Background Reuters is an information service, traditionally news. In recent years, it has become a financial organization as

Chapter 9 assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Chapter 9 assignment - Essay Example er Quebec Civil Law, in case of illegal contracts, the court must order restitution between parties and that illegal clause in the contract may be deleted and the remainder of the contract upheld in appropriate cases. However, a court may refuse restitution in favour of a party who has acted fraudulently, immorally or by deliberately breaching the law. Anent the protection granted to the true owner of a property subject of an illegal contract, the Civil Code of Quebec has already contained provisions regarding this matter. Under US Law on the other hand, illegal contract is a promise that is prohibited due to its very nature. Such contracts are prohibited since the performance, formation, or object of the agreement is against the law ("Illegal Contract Law, n.d). Despite the definition of the defective and illegal contracts, it does not automatically render the contract as null and void, unenforceable or ineffective, if the formation or performance or existence did not comply with what is required by the enactment unless the result is required by the enactment or to further the purpose of the enactment. Anent the protection granted to the owner of a property, the US law the concern is where the property is purported to be transferred under an illegal contract and the property is then the subject of a further transfer to a person who is not a party to the contract. The court may grant only the relief if there is question as to title of the

Preventing Nuclear Capacities in North Korean or Iran Essay

Preventing Nuclear Capacities in North Korean or Iran - Essay Example The United States can possibly employ the use of economic pressure to try and force North Korea to return t the six-party negotiations that also include South Korea, Russia, Japan and China. These talks were originally designed to try and help in the establishment of a peaceful resolution to security concerns that happen to result from the nuclear weapons program that had been conducted by North Korea. The United States can endeavor to utilize these talks to try and convince North Korea to abandon its nuclear weapons program (Cronin, 273).1 The presence of nuclear weapons in the hands of North Korea is of relatively great concern to the United States. If the Six-party negotiations continue to be ineffective, the United States will potentially find itself quite unable to effectively address the concerns posed by nuclear capabilities in North Korea unless it engages directly with the country. A possible concession that can be made is that the United States can pledge that it will not attack North Korea if it willingly shuts down its plutonium program. Other options can involve the withdrawal of American troops from the Korean Peninsula in return for North Korea ending its uranium enrichment program (Cronin, 273).2 If all options fail, and the security of the country remains in critical danger, I would order the complete elimination of the considerable nuclear threat currently being posed by North Korea. A surgical and very speedy attack on the various nuclear weapons development sites across North Korea will have the effect of completely destroying North Korea’s ability to make nuclear bomb. It might also have the effect of precipitating the downfall of the oppressive regime of Kim-Jong-II in addition to sending a an emphatic and clear message that the United States will in no way accept any nuclear proliferation that poses as a threat to it (Ochmanek and Schwartz,

Adult stem cells Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Adult stem cells - Essay Example Stem cells are responsible for tissue or organ formation during prenatal life, and also for further growth. They are also responsible for repairing and regeneration of internal body system. This internal replenishing system works continuously throughout our life span. These cells display important attributes, which distinguishes them from normal cells. The cell division of stem cell gives rise to new stem cell or turned into specialized cell with definite function such as a muscle cell, a red blood cell, or a brain cell. In vivo or in vitro stimuli activate these cells to acquire special functions by becoming part of tissue- or organ-specific cells. Stem cells in the gut and bone marrow are at continuous task to repair and replace injured or eroded tissues, and therefore they multiply regularly by a process of cell division. In the organs like the pancreas and the heart, they are generated under certain physiologic conditions (http://stemcells.nih.gov/info/basics/basics4.asp). The ma jor breakthroughs in stem cell research will able to figure out clearly the development of an organism from a single cell. The most of the work is reported on two types of stem cells embryonic stem cells and non-embryonic stem cells. There is a recent introduction of genetically "reprogrammed" stem cell termed as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in 2006. Stem cell therapy is administered through local delivery or systemic infusion, of autologous or allogeneic cells. This aids in restoring the viability or functioning of damaged and malfunctioned tissues (Lu, Zhang & Jin, 2009). Non-embryonic stem cells are also called as ‘adult stem cells’. They are undifferentiated cells, found throughout the body of animals and humans in differentiated tissue or organ after the embryonic growth. They are also termed as somatic stem cells which are responsible for building different specialized cell types. These cells play pivotal

Resource Rich Economies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Resource Rich Economies - Essay Example This study stresses that  various countries of the world choose different paths of development. However, it must be noted that in the majority of the cases this choice is conditioned by the environment and availability of resources. Thus, those countries that are deprived of natural resources compete using other valuable materials. For example, Japan that can hardly boast any oil or gas is a widely known leader of technology. On the other hand, those countries that were blessed with natural resources often make emphasis on their export, forgetting about other ways of becoming successful. That is why it is often suggested that resource rich economies are poor, underdeveloped and politically unstable.   This paper will analyze the example of Russia and prove that abundance of resources can have a negative impact on a country.  If one considers the Russian billionaires, one will be able to see that they are less likely to help their compatriots and are willing to invest abroad more. For example, Roman Abramovich bought Chelsea football club in England and this was seen as manifestation of the Russian wealth. However, it is obvious that he could have bought one or even several football clubs in Russia and pay for the best equipment and players for them. However, Abramovich decided to invest his money in a foreign football club which means that he is not willing to share his wealth with his compatriots.

Civil Right Act Of 1968 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Civil Right Act Of 1968 - Essay Example Before the civil rights era, the situations regarding the racial discrimination were very worse. White race was considered supreme and white Americans have the power to consider the black (Afro-Americans) as the underprivileged race. There was no equal education of the Black Americans, no equal employment, no equal housing. Black people were unable to buy a home even if they have the money to buy it. For this reason, black Americans demanded equal rights as that of the White Americans. Fair housing act was one of the demands that were debated and signed in 1968.Senator Edward Brooke of Massachusetts was the first African-American ever elected to Senate. He was unable to buy a home due to his race. After that issue, the fair housing act was debated in the Senate strongly. Senate Leader, â€Å"Everett Dirksen†, strongly supported the bill in the senate. It was thought at the earlier stage that the House of Representative would not gain a higher ratio of votes. However, the House of Representatives passed the bill due to urban unrest and militancy of African Americans movements.On 4th April 1968, civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated and African Americans movements played part in riots, burning and looting in most cities. President Lyndon B. Johnson emphasized to pass the new civil rights bill to cool down the African Americans movements. On April 10, the fair housing act was passed and signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson to become a law the very next day.

Brown v the board of education Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Brown v the board of education - Research Paper Example In the middle of the twentieth century,the struggle for racial equality in the United States was reaching a boiling point.Since the end of slavery,African-Americans had been fighting for the same rights and privileges enjoyed by white Americans. By the 1950s, civil rights activists were gaining ground in efforts to desegregate American society. One of the areas in which segregation was a major problem was education. Black students were not allowed to attend school with white students, and their education suffered because of it. In 1896, the United States Supreme Court heard the case Plessy v. Ferguson, and ruled that racial segregation was not illegal, so long as segregated facilities were "separate but equal."1 In 1954, the case Brown v. Board of Education challenged this ruling and led to its repudiation. Brown v. Board of Education was a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court that paved the way for integration and significantly impacted the civil rights movement. The case was brought to the Supreme Court by the NAACP Legal Defense Fund under the leadership of Charles Hamilton Houston and Thurgood Marshall. It was actually five cases that were heard under the name Brown v. Board of Education, after Oliver Brown, who was the lead of almost 200 plaintiffs.2 The unanimous ruling in Brown stated that â€Å"separate but equal† schools and facilities were in fact â€Å"inherently unequal... to cope with ordinary expressions of prejudice by regarding the prejudiced person as evil or misguided; but he cannot readily cope with symbols of authority, the full force of the authority of the State—the school or the school board, in this instance—in the same manner. 5 These feelings of inferiority were reinforced by the entirety of the society in which black children lived. It damaged their self-esteem and subsequently their chances for success later in life. Segregated education was not only harmful to children’s education, but also to their psyches. The Brown decision meant that black students would be able to attend the schools of their choice. Black schools were not only inferior in principle, they were inferior in practice, as well. Black schools employed black teachers who, because of segregation, had not had access to good educations themselves. They received fewer tax dollars due to the economic class of the neighborhoods in which the schools were lo cated, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1. Patterson, 49 2. Martin, Waldo E. Brown v. Board of Education: A Brief History with Documents (Boston, MA: Bedford St. Martin’s, 1998), 146 3. Ibid a system perpetuated by segregation. After the Brown decision, black students had access to an education equal to that of white students, resulting in subsequent generations of black teachers who could further equal education goals, in addition to black professionals who had benefitted from the educational opportunities Brown afforded them. The decision was not a popular one in many segments of the American south. Students were threatened by whites who were unhappy with the decision, and in many cases were physically blocked from entering schools

Nikola Tesla Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Nikola Tesla - Research Paper Example history. I will also focus on the question of why many people would say Tesla was a mad scientist later in his life. Nikola Tesla: Biography in Brief Nikola Tesla was born 10 July 1856 in a Serbian family. The place of his birth was the village of Smiljan situated near Gospic – a town in Croatia that was a part of Austria-Hungary at that time. Tesla’s father was known to be a clergyman, and his mother is described as â€Å"exceptionally bright and an inventor of household and farm implements† despite being illiterate (Klooster 302). Tesla might have got his knack for prolific inventing from his ingenious mother. Tesla, who is believed to be America’s most prominent electric engineer, studied engineering at the famous University of Graz (Austria) (Spencer 301). He is thought to have started his inventing career there. In 1882, Tesla came to Paris and was hired by Continental Edison Company. Two years later Tesla immigrated to the U.S. and got his citizenshi p in 1891 at the age of 35 (Klooster 302). Picture 1. Nikola Tesla at the age of 37. Photo taken in 1893. Author: Sarony of New York It was in 1882 that Tesla conceived of the famous induction motor that has a rotating magnetic field. From that time on, Tesla invented various devices that utilize the rotating magnetic field. In 1888, Tesla received patents for his inventions. Here it is worth mentioning that the outstanding engineer and physicist was able to completely visualize his next invention before he started working on it. All in all, Tesla is believed to have patented over 700 inventions during his lifetime (World of Invention, â€Å"Nikola Tesla†). Tesla’s Theoretical Work and Patents Tesla's numerous patents and his groundbreaking theoretical work are believed to have created the basis of modern AC systems, which includes the polyphase power distribution systems, as well as the AC motor. Let us explore Tesla’s contribution to modern electrical engineer ing in detail. It was not until Tesla could establish his own company named Tesla Electric Company (1887) that the outstanding inventor had been able to create what he actually wanted. Specifically, working for Tesla Electric Company he invented the first successful polyphase motor (Notable Scientists from 1900 to the Present,â€Å"Nikola Tesla†). Tesla achieved this by creating a motor that had a few wire-taped blocks surrounding the rotor. At the moment alternating current is being supplied to the incorporated wires, a rotating magnetic field is produced, and besides current to every block was a bit out of phase with the rest. The rotor’s movement is achieved as the revolving field is being followed (Klooster 305). Practically, the significance of Tesla’s invention was that it enabled transmitting strong electrical currents over long distances. Theoretically, Tesla’s work undermined the view of Edison that there was no practical benefit from alternating current. It proved to leave behind the invention by Edison – direct current – that was restricted by local use and needed lots of electrical relay stations in order to have the current distributed throughout a large area, a city for example (Notable Scientists from 1900 to the Present,â€Å"Nikola Tesla†). Reportedly, not long before his death Edison admitted to making the biggest mistake in his lifetime

Case Schwab Essay Example for Free

Case Schwab Essay Under Pottruck’s direction, the company suffered financial set-backs when they did not lower prices in the highly competitive market instead deciding to focus on expanding the business to include institutional trading and research, dropping individual investors on their list of priorities. The strategy again shifted to their initial strategy, focusing on the company’s long-term relationship with individual investors, providing competitive service fees, and careful allocation of resources under the reestablished management of Mr. Schwab’s. Customer retention, customer attainment, establishing long-lasting customer relationships, and building upon a structure that supports effective business decision are also key parts of the strategy. The strategy focused on customer relationships, competitive pricing, and thoroughly analyzed resource allocation. With the changes in strategy at Schwab, information needs increased. In regard to the strategy, Schwab needed to capture data that could successfully allow them to properly allocate resources and identify profitable areas, non-profitable areas, and cost saving opportunities. The changes in strategy at Schwab have required more detailed data to be gathered for effective profitability analysis. The different versions of PAS (Profitability Analysis System) has satisfied the information needs for the new strategy. How? After identifying the information needs and the vital contribution of data for the support of business decision-making, Schwab developed MUSE (Model for Understanding Schwab Economics), it was the first cost system introduced and later MUSE II was developed. MUSE allocated costs among products, segments, and channels. Special focus was given to products since they had the most baring, positive or negative, on customers, which was the focal point under the Schwab strategy. MUSE II was later introduced and reflected the original cost system with the addition of the activity-based costing principles in order to capture profitability data. The cost systems developed in pursuit of establishing a profitability analysis system served a very effective purpose. With the individual investor the root of the strategy it was important to maintain a positive relationship to retain customers. Mr. Schwab implemented the new or initial strategy because it had proven to be the key to success for Schwab. In order to assess the satisfaction of the customers, it made sense to zero in on the product and customer engagement and results. The cost systems developed provided that information for Schwab. MUSE II was very effective in providing valuable insight for management by capturing very detailed and thorough data. With the division of segments, products, channels and customer segments, data was very specific and abundant. Muse II provided insight into Schwab’s cost structure for effective decision-making. CAP (Customer Account Profitability) indentified individual customer profitability which was limited information as to not create an aggressive sales environment. According to the case, both versions evaluated segments and channels on revenues they generated and costs that were under their direct control. By identifying profitability they can effectively price products and equally important, they can create cost savings for customers by identifying the trade-offs. For example, the case noted that through PAS, by waiving Schwab One customers service fees for accounts with balances of at least $25,000 oppose to the current $50,000 requirement, they in turn would have a greater retention rate of clients in this category and found it relevant to do so also because these clients stand a greater chance of not only remaining a Schwab customer but also had great potential for portfolio growth or profitability. Overall, the versions of PAS developed by Schwab were highly effective in pinpointing profitability among products, segments, and channels. Given this information, Schwab was able to turn that into savings for customers, better product referrals, customer satisfaction, higher levels of customer retention, and create a competitive edge in the increasingly competitive market. The information provided by the PAS cost systems proved to be invaluable to Schwab’s success and position in the market and met Schwab’s strategy information needs. 2. What factors have enabled Schwab to extract value from the PAS? What elements have made it difficult for the PAS to create value? There were many factors that enabled Schwab to extract value from PAS such as effective analysis, broken down data, capturing data from product, segment, and channel separately, linking profitability to different areas, identifying customer profitability, utilizing the data effectively for more informed business decisions, perfecting product referrals, maintaining customer retention as the focus, quickly acting on negative or positive trends to ensure their competitiveness, responding to market fluctuations including price matching, and maintaining an ongoing analysis of data and the commitment to Schwab’s proven strategy. Elements that have made it difficult for the PAS to create value include interpreting behavior costs once CLI (Cost Leadership Initiative) measures were implemented and determining whether costs were fixed or variable which is not provided through the PAS. Though the PAS provides valuable data, this data once analyzed has revealed cost saving opportunities; however, persuading customers to alter practices is not easy. For example, the case discussed consumer behavior in regards to trading activity. They found it was necessary to charge for transactions performed at off-peak times for IT cost purposes. Although this information was helpful and fees were attached to influence more desirable transaction times, customer trading patterns did not change and also induced back-office processes due to the IT fee structure. Would you advise Velez to pursue the idea of providing different levels of service to customers in the same segment, depending on their profitability? More specifically, in page 10 of the case Velez mentions the possibility of differentiated call routing as a function of customer profitability. Keeping in mind that one of the factors determining profitability is the frequency of calls to the call center, please consider the following dimensions of the policy: What are the advantages and disadvantages of providing different call waiting times for customers in the same segment, as a function of customer profitability? How would you implement this differentiated call routing? Would you inform customers in advance about the different levels of service? If so, how? How long should Schwab observe a customers behavior before routing him/her to the long wait queue? Do you believe that the new routing will affect customer profitability? In particular, how would you calculate the cost of call center capacity for different customers? If priority call routing was implemented then the more profitable segments would be better served and have a better perception of Schwab in their ability to execute and resolve their needs. An advantage would be the more profitable segments would be l ess likely to jump ship and maintain loyalty to Schwab. Priority routing would enable Schwab to serve and assist their most profitable clients and improve their client relations which could lead to new clients as a result of their reputation. A disadvantage of priority routing would not improve their less profitable customer segments perception of Schwab. Although the less profitable customer segments may not trade as often, they are still a customer and if they do not feel valued by Schwab then they would not feel the need to reciprocate loyalty and turn to a competitor. Seeing that the less profitable segment does not trade as often, Schwab would be missing out on the few opportunities to create a positive customer interaction. With the lack of significant interaction the customer is likely to base their opinion on service during the few transactions they make and having to hold for long periods result in unsatisfied customers. Perhaps it would be more effective to inform customers in advance about the ‘higher’ level of service for those ‘dedicated customers’. I would steer clear of the term ‘different levels of service’, that would not be received well at all. By telling/advertising to customers who perform frequent transactions that because of their transaction activity, they would be assisted promptly for their convenience, lets the customer know they are valued thus, creating greater customer loyalty. Schwab should observe a customer’s transaction history over about a six month period to capture reliable information in regard to their profitability. Recent activity should also be analyzed to determine a possible change in the customer behavior which would prove to be an exception in an effort to improve relations with the customer for retention purposes. The new routing system could potentially increase the profitability of the already profitable customers. The profitable customer segment will be more willing to perform more transactions based on the efficient service they experience being a high priority client. To determine the total cost of call center capacity for different customers, first indentify total calls by segment and allocate a percent of cost based on duration of interaction while identifying transaction type (trade, inquiry, or balance transfer). 4. Describe the compensation system for the division manager [for example, John Clendening] and the branch manager. What metrics are at the root of the variable compensation system? What are the advantages and disadvantages of this system? The variable compensation system provides compensation for higher levels of management based on a series of measures such as customer satisfaction, customer retention, market share, successful transactions, product engagement, quality of customer interaction, capacity or productivity, and alignment with business strategy, all of which are reflective by specific branches. The variable compensation system is subjective to a number of factors; therefore, what to compensate is unclear. Selecting meaning and fair metrics can also pose as a problem since there are external factors that change business trends and may misrepresent the branch’s performance figures. With the added pressure, management may be inclined to manipulate the figures for a better representation of branch operations. Variable compensation can motivate management to ensure their branch or district is producing positive performance figures. By offering management stock options, shares, or even bonuses, Schwab encourages management to act in the best interest of the company. Through variable compensation, what is good for the Schwab is good for management. The incentive-type monetary compensation like any motivates Schwab’s management to out-perform competition and maintain that operations are in alignment with Schwab’s strategy.

Realist and Constructivist Approaches to Social Problems

Realist and Constructivist Approaches to Social Problems Critically analyse the way social problems are constructed and prioritised for intervention. Distinguish between the realist and construction approaches to social problems and offer an assessment of their value. Apply the relevant social theory to a contemporary social problem such as prostitution. Outlined below is a critical analysis of the way in which social problems are constructed and prioritised for intervention. This critical analysis will aim to distinguish between the realist and the construction approaches to social problems, going on to assess the value of each approach in turn. Then the social theory deemed to be the most relevant would be applied to a contemporary social problem. The realist approach to social problems is an approach that stresses that there is usually underlying causes of issues or phenomena within modern societies. The realist approach to social problems assumes that such problems have short – term and also long – term causes that are actually found ingrained into the social structures of modern societies.[1] The starting point of the realist approach to social problems stress that the underlying social causes of such problems as crime, illegal drug taking, and prostitution are generally more important over the long – term rather than the sometimes more obvious short –term causes of the phenomena being examined.[2] Advocates of the realist approach to social problems frequently contend that sociologists should always delve deeper into the specific social problems that they are evaluating. The realist approach to social problems implies that sociologists delve deeper to find out the affects of factors such as deprivation, discrimination, prejudices, and also poverty.[3] According to the realist approach to social problems these factors whether own their own, or in various combinations with each other are the real underlying causes of social problems. Therefore in many respects the realist approach to social problems has a great deal in common with the Marxist approach to social problems and all related issues. The main difference being that the Marxist approach to social problems would always contend that class and economic conflicts or developments are the root causes of every social problem.[4] The Construction approach to social problems examines the causes of all such social problems from a different perspective than the realist approach to social problems does. Whereas the realist approach to social problems contends that there are nearly always underlying factors causing these social problems, the Construction approach to social problems does not automatically that to be the case. Thus in contrast to the realist approach to social problems the Construction approach assumes that social problems are specifically constructed and that they could actually have causes that are as straightforward as they appeared to be at first glance.[5] The Construction approach to social problems argues that these problems are often constructed at the same time as the societies that they are found inside, and sometimes constructed after the society in question has already become well established. In the Construction approach to social problems it also often implied that the issues that are deemed to be social problems are classified as such due to the prevailing social and moral values within any given society. What is regarded as a social problem in one society might be regarded as being partly or entirely acceptable in another society.[6] For instance different societies have different attitudes towards issues such as homosexuality and prostitution, with more liberal minded societies perhaps not regarding them as social problems at all. Under the Construction approach to social problems various social issues and whether or not they constitute social problems depends upon the subjective values of prevailing social and moral attitudes.[7] Societies are not always entirely agreed as to which social issues can be regarded as being social problems. The Construction approach to social problems therefore finds it useful to argue that it is the strongest or prevailing social and moral attitudes that construct and prioritise social problems and labels them as such.[8] The best of the approaches to social problems to be used to construct and also to prioritise the social problem or problems being examined would be the realist approach to social problems.[9] The strength of the realist approach to social problems is that it would offer the chance to gain an understanding of the underlying causes of social problems. The realist approach to social problems such as drug taking and prostitution gives more extensive explanations than those provided by the Construction approach to social problems does. [10] The realist approach to social problems offers a deeper insight into the underlying causes of problems like prostitution. To begin with the realist approach to social problems would make the sociologists examining the issue look into all the possible underlying causes of prostitution.[11] When following the realist approach to social problems like prostitution sociologists would evaluate the parts that addiction, alienation, desperation, discrimination, sexuality, and violence played in making the problem better or worse.[12] In other words the realist approach to social problems would contend that prostitution was a social problem that demonstrates the unfair, harsh, violent, and frequently hypocritical ways social problems are formed and also understood are actually common in contemporary modern societies.[13] The realist approach to social problems would contend that prostitution has been around for thousands of years in virtually every society that has ever existed, its most obvious cause being that people will pay for sex, and that other people will exchange sexual services for cash payments. According to the realist approach to social problems prostitution has more underlying causes such as prostitutes selling their bodies to make a living, to pay for drink or drug addictions, and more sinisterly they are physically forced into doing it. Whether or not prostitutes undertake their role freely or are forced into it the realist approach to social problems would nearly always argue that they are being e xploited for the financial gains of others. The realist approach to social problems or at least its advocates would contend that prostitution will probably never go away, and the main aim of society should be to protect prostitutes from exploitation, violence, and sexually transmitted diseases.[14] Therefore to conclude the realist approach to social problems is better than the Construction approach to social problems as it allows sociologists the chance to evaluate social issues and social problems in greater detail. The realist approach to social problems offers a better understanding of the constructing and the prioritising of prostitution as a social problem. Bibliography Abercrombie N, Hill S Turner B S, (2000) The Penguin Dictionary of Sociology 4th edition, Penguin Group, London Abercrombie N, (2004) Sociology, A Short Introduction, Polity, Cambridge Cavadino M Dignan J, (2002) The Penal System An Introduction, Sage Publications Lawson T Heaton T, (1999) Crime and Deviance, MacMillan, Basingstoke 1 Footnotes [1] Abercrombie, Hill Turner B, 2000 p. 326 [2] Abercrombie, 2004 p. 25 [3] Abercrombie, Hill Turner B, 2000 p. 312 [4] Abercrombie, 2004 p. 25 [5] Lawson Heaton, 1999 p. 58 [6] Abercrombie, 2004 p. 25 [7] Lawson Heaton, 1999 p. 58 [8] Abercrombie, Hill Turner B, 2000 p. 326 [9] Lawson Heaton, 1999 p. 176 [10] Cavadino Dignan, 2002 p.53 [11] Abercrombie, 2004 p. 25 [12] Abercrombie, Hill Turner B, 2000 p. 326 [13] Cavadino Dignan, 2002 p.53 [14] Lawson Heaton, 1999 p. 58

A View Of Adultery And Its Lasting Effects Philosophy Essay

A View Of Adultery And Its Lasting Effects Philosophy Essay This essay is about adultery and some of the things that happens to people who are the victims of it. By victims, I not only mean the spouse(s) who was being cheated on, but I am also referring to the children who are in the family unit as well. I am focusing on the fact that adultery is a selfish and very horrible act that can literally destroy a family. Along with the family being destroyed, the lives of each individual person involved are destroyed as well. The victims of adultery will face many challenges, emotionally and mentally, that could result in some very long term effects. My argument is that adultery does so much damage to a persons emotional and mental well being, that it should be treated as an abusive crime. Adultery Is Abuse Adultery, to some, may not be that big of a deal, especially if they are the ones committing it. But what happens when a spouse or a partners whole entire world falls down around them after they learn their partner has committed adultery? Adultery is a selfish and very cruel act that happens every day. It not only ruins marriages, but it can literally destroy the lives of everyone around the adulterer. Someone who is a victim of adultery can be presented to large amounts of downfalls in their life. Emotional and mental abuses are two of the major things they will go through. If the case is bad enough, and the person cant take mentally and emotionally dealing with what their spouse has done, adultery can even lead to death. Its mind boggling that such a selfish act can bring so much pain to so many lives, but it does to thousands of people every day. Even more disturbing, the adulterer is rarely punished or held accountable for all the pain their actions inflicted on so many other liv es. Adultery is nothing less than abuse, and should be treated as such in a court of law. Maybe you have seen it happen, or perhaps you have even been a victim of adultery. It is nothing no one person should take lightly. It creeps into the marriage and eats away at the very core of the once blessed union. It can effect even the strongest of couples and literally tear families apart at the seams. David M. Buss and Todd K. Shackelford (1997) showed that despite its destructive impact, infidelities are estimated conservatively to occur in about half of all marriages. (Buss D.M. Shackelford T.K.,1997 p.216). It can definitely be shocking and scary to hear that adultery can occur in almost half of all marriages. This can lead one to believe that marriages, as well as issues pertaining to adultery, are not being taken very seriously in America anymore. With this being said, its sad to see exactly how many peoples lives are ruined over the blatant lack of respect the general population has for marriages and staying true to their partner. Adultery in itself can affect every single person that is exposed to it or around it, especially the children. The effects of adultery can even ripple to the non-immediate family and friends. Out of everyone adultery effects, the spouse or spouses who are having adultery committed against them as well as the children who are involved with the families will sadly take the brunt of the pain adultery has to offer. Ruth K. Westheimer and Pierre A Lehu (2007) proclaimed adultery is probably the single-most cited grounds for divorce. (Westheimer, R.K. Lehu, P.A., 2007 p. 332s) Not only will the family have to deal with the tragic act of adultery once it is brought to the light, but they will also have to deal with the horrible divorce they may face if they choose to go through it. Divorce in itself, for whatever reason, can cause enormous amounts of negative impact on the whole entire family, including the children. Alison Clarke-Stewart and Cornelia Brentano (2006) suggested that compared with children in intact families, children from divorced families are more likely to have conduct problems and show signs of psychological maladjustment; they have lower academic achievement, more social difficulties, and poorer self-esteem.(Clarke-Stewart Brentano2006 p.107) This can also stay with the children far beyond the point of reaching adulthood. Clarke-Stewart Brentano (2006) pointed out: In one study of college students, researchers found that those who had experienced their parents divorce reported distressing feelings, beliefs, and experiences. These were resilient young people and the divorce had occurred years earlier, but still they harbored painful feelings. (p.108) If children live with one parent full time, they also have a chance of having less and less contact with the other parent as time goes by. This can also cause a great deal of strain on a child, as well as feelings of abandonment and possibly hate. As mentioned earlier, children will only have to deal with these issues if their parents decide to get a divorce after the adultery is found out. Unfortunately, the effects of divorce on children are only part of the problem when adultery is involved. Adultery can cause some very serious effects to children without divorce even being present. Children of all ages, even adult children, can be affected by adultery. Children, for the most part, look to their parents for guidance and as role models. Children also tend to put most of their trust into their parents, trust adultery can easily break. Watching their parents go through the strains of adultery will most likely affect them and cause enormous amounts of strain on their own life. They will be in the front row seat watching the tension, stress, arguments, grief, sadness, loss and despair. The parents could try and get the children to take sides, making them feel torn inside and also making their lives seem completely out of control. Some parents who commit adultery can even tell the secret of their actions to their children, making them promise not to tell the other spouse, causing the children to be filled with even more pain and despair as they dont know which direction to turn. The spouse isnt the only person to feel betrayed, as the children will feel it too once they find out about the adultery. Children who are a product of adultery will, without a doubt, be negatively affected as well. In the worst circumstances, pregnancy due to adultery can even result in neonaticide. Nicky A. Jackson (2007) describes neonaticide as the killing of a newborn within twenty-four hours of birth. (Jackson, N.A., 2007 p. 568) Jackson also states the most common reason for neonaticide among married women Is extramarital paternity. (Jackson, N.A., 2007 p. 568) If these children are carried to term, they still have a chance of being born surrounded by controversy. They may immediately be given up for adoption or have their mother deny them information about their real father. The worst of these scenarios is having another man raise them, only to find out years later the man they knew their whole life as their father was never their real father. This can lead to emotional problems for the child, depression, feeling of rejection and difficulty having healthy relationships in their life, among many other things. Emotional abuse is definitely presented to the family, whether intentionally or not, from adultery. Unfortunately, there are still many other things that adultery negatively impacts families with. Physical health is something else adultery affects. People who are in a marriage trust their spouse enough to have unprotected sex with them. The natural thought for married couples is the fact they dont have to worry about catching any kind of sexually transmitted diseases from them. Even if the adulterer is careful in using protection, it is still not 100% effective. Every day, an unsuspecting spouse takes a trip to the doctors office because they havent been feeling very well, or have a sudden rash appear on them. And every day, there is an unsuspecting spouse who receives the news that they have a disease. Some even get told that the disease they have is incurable. Jennifer S. Hirsch et al.(2009) even stated for most women in the world, their biggest risk of HIV infection comes from having sex with their husbands. (Hirsch, J.S. et al., 2009 p. vii) Married men, who are the victims of adultery, are no doubt unknowingly catching these diseases as well. To find out you have a disease that you caught from the only person you have had sexual contact with, and to realize they had to catch it from most likely having sexual contact with someone else can be described as nothing less than devastating. Fortunately, a lot of people dont find out about adultery from being diagnosed with a disease. Even with no disease present, the mental and emotional anguish people go through as a result of finding out their spouse has committed adultery is still the same. Someone finding out their spouse has been cheating on them will go through a plethora of negative emotions and feelings. Paul R Peluso (2007) says finding out that your spouse had an affair can be a devastating experience for the noninvolved partner. The revelation of an affair ushers in a host of emotions including rage, sorrow, shock, and shame. (Peulso, P.R.,2007 p.63) Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is unfortunately something else the victim of a cheating spouse can go through. Mark A. Whisman and Tina P. Wagers(2005) found that major depressive episodes and post- traumatic stress disorder are the most common diagnoses found in noninvolved partners.(Whisman, M.A. Wagers, T.P.,2005 p.61) It is horrific to think that people are going through so much trauma because of adultery, that they are actually catching a horrible psychological illness in return. PTSDs symptoms include flashbacks, depression, anger, nightmares, and anxiety. This condition is strong enough to disrupt everyday life for someone, and can also last for years. The onset of PTSD can also cause people to turn to drugs and/or alcohol. Even if PTSD is not present, people who are the victims of adultery will most likely deal with severe emotional and psychological stress. Michael Clanchy and Chris Trotter (1999) stated: In many instances, betrayal through infidelity can be very close to what we term domestic violence. Unfaithful parties are often insensitive to the pain they inflict, as are perpetrators of physical and psychological violence. Often the faithful party is as vulnerable and dependent as the victim of repeated bashing. Furthermore, the [behavior] patterns of ongoing infidelity often parallel the well-documented stages in the cycle of domestic abuse. (Clanchy, M., Trotter, C., 1999 para. 4) Unfortunately, adultery can go even further than just the dilapidation of lives. The most horrid outcome from adultery is death. Adultery can, without a doubt, hurt people enough to take other peoples lives. There is not one life that should be taken or lost over adultery; sadly enough, innocent lives are lost due to adultery every day. Death can occur by suicide, murder, or even murder/suicide cases. There are even instances were murder will involve the children of the family as well. Two of the more disturbing instances that involve the children are spousal revenge filicide and paternal filicide. Spousal filicide, according to Jackson (2007) is parents who murder their offspring in a deliberate attempt to make their spouses suffer. Infidelity, either proved or suspected, is a common precipitant for spousal-revenge filicide. (Jackson, N.A., 2007 p569) The second is paternal filicide which Jackson (2007) explains as [husbands] killing the childs mother as well as the child, often followed by the [husbands] suicide. (Jackson, N.A., 2007 p569) It is clear that a heartbreaking act, such as adultery, will push people over the edge and do things they normally would never do. As a matter of fact, Richard Worth and John L. French (2008) claimed among the oldest motives for murder are passion and jealousy. (Worth, R French, J. L., 2008 p34) Even though a spouse may commit murder against their spouse, their spouses lover, or perhaps both, they still have a chance of only getting charged with voluntary manslaughter. This is by no means justifiable to take other peoples lives; however, it only goes to show exactly how much adultery can damage someones emotions, as well as their mental state. According to Jim Silver (2008) if a killing that would otherwise be murder is committed in response to sufficient provocation, it is voluntary manslaughter and is usually punished less severely than murder. (Silver,J., 2008 p30) Silver (2008) also adds: Over time, most jurisdictions developed rules about what is sufficiently provocative to cause a reasonable person to lose control of his passions. The standard ones included things like a serious physical attack or a husband finding his wife committing adultery.(Silver,J., 2008 p31) As you can see, adultery is as sufficiently provocative as a serious physical attack, thus allowing someone to act in such a way that they can take lives away from other people. Crimes of passion cases like these are heard in court every single day in the United States. One of the most popular cases like this is with Eric McLean from Tennessee. According to Yvette Martinez (2008), McLean shot and murdered his wifes boyfriend, but only received a conviction of reckless homicide, which is only punishable by up to 4 years in prison. McLean only served 47 days in prison and was allowed to serve the rest of his sentence on parole. (Martinez, Y., 2009) The victims in this case were both Mclean, who was having adultery committed against him as well as the boyfriend of the spouse who was shot at close range and murdered by McLean. The lives of both of these men, as well as the two children McLean and his wife shared and the family of the teenage boyfriend, were severely disrupted by McLeans wifes selfish choice of committing adultery. The young boyfriend did not have to lose his life nor did his family have to lose their son, while McLean should not have to live the rest of his life with a death of another person on his shoulders. Sadly enough, the one person who brought all of the pain and sorrow to both of these families (McLeans wife), did not get punished at all. In conclusion, given all the emotional and mental anguish as well as the severe disruption of lives adultery causes, it should be treated as nothing less than abuse. Laws pertaining to adultery do exist in some states, but are rarely enforced. You probably never even heard of anyone going to jail simply because they committed adultery, but you do hear people of going to jail over abuse. It is my argument, that people who make a conscience decision to step outside their marriage and commit this selfish act, should be punished. There are laws pertaining to the lover of the spouse committing adultery, specifically alienation of affection, that allows the victimized spouse to sue the lover; however, sometimes too much damage is done, and no amount of money can possibly fix it. Sadly enough, peoples lives can be lost over this situation. If bloodshed is cast, and people die over this type of situation, it should be the adulterer who is charged with the murderer(s) as well. The lives of people, especially family, should never be treated with such disrespect. Clanchy and Trotter (1999) claimed infidelity can be as devastating as a violent attack. (Clanchy, M., Trotter, C., 1999 para. 8) There is nothing truer than that statement. Adultery is a crime against people and their emotions as well as their mental well being, and should be treated as violence. It is time this crime is taken seriously; the people who commit it are thoroughly punished, and lives are no longer ripped to shreds by adultery.

Artemis :: essays research papers fc

The Goddess Artemis Those who invated Artemis’s privacy, her goals, or restricted her freedom where paid dearly. When the hunter, Actaeon, accidentally came upon Artemis while she was bathing, she turned him into a stag and then his own hunting dogs attacked him and tore him to pieces. Artemis is the goddess of hunting and the moon. Her Roman name is Diana, and Greek name is Artemis. Artemis’ symbols are a crescent, a stag, and arrows. Artemis has many characteristics and is connected to today’s society in many ways. She has a big family and lots of stories behind them, and there are many myths about her. First of all, Artemis had many different characteristics. Many people call Artemis wonder women, because she can do almost anything. She is brave as any man, as strong as any man, and can hunt and kill any beast. She can be described as an environmentalist. Artemis was not know to have a satisfying relationship with men, not including her brother. She always was responsive to the needs or the vulnerable and the suffering. Artemis was the most independent of the goddesses, and one who lived for new challenges. In today’s society many people get the wonder women character from her and place them on the more recent wonder women. She is seen as a feminist goddess to many people in this society. When people in today’s society use the bow and arrow as a symbol for hunter they get it from Artemis. Not only did she have many characteristics, but she had a very loving family. Artemis’s twin brother is Apollo. She loved her brother and was very close to him. Artemis’s mother was Leto, Artemis and Apollo both adored there mother. No one could ever say anything bad about Leto with Artemis and Apollo doing something about it. Artemis caused her mother no pain during childbirth. Artemis’s father was Zeus king of the gods. When Zeus asked Artemis what she wanted for her third birthday, she told him that she just wanted six simple gifts and Zeus gave them to her. Finally there are many myths about Artemis. The only time Artemis ever loved a man, Apollo got jealous and tricked her. One day, Apollo bet that Artemis couldn’t hit the object swimming in the distant water with an arrow. She was filled with confidence in her skill with her archery, and accepted his challenge.

Teaching ESL Writing (Final Paper) -- Education Learning Essays

Teaching ESL Writing At times the plethora of professional journals and the myriad subjects treated therein seems like little more than a dizzying exercise in redundancy and a forum for education professionals to justify their worth in a competitive job market; however, I would like to think that there is a hidden value for those of us whose brains seem to operate in what some might call a â€Å"spiral† rhetorical pattern, that as we work our way around and around certain issues related to composition instruction, we are moving gradually upward toward broader understanding and better practice. Some studies seem to do little more than show the need for more studies, their authors falling back on such standard phrases as, â€Å"clearly more research is needed,† but that at least is evidence that we’re moving toward something – we’re trying to pinpoint the exact gap between educational practice as we know it and as we sense it might exist in an improved state. So, it is with this hope in mind that I’ve undertaken yet another literature review, consuming the writings of others in order to find a specific gap in (at least my own) understanding of educational practice as it relates to college-level ESL composition students in general, and to college-level ESL students with learning disabilities (LD) specifically. For the purposes of this paper I shall borrow Skinner and Gilespie’s definition of learning disabilities as follows: [Learning disabled persons are those] of average or above average intelligence who have difficulty mastering skills in reading and spelling (often in the form of dis- lexia), and /or writing, or math. ... ...es. March/April 2001, 34, 2. 136-152. Munro, Murray J. and Tracey M. Derwing. â€Å"Foreign Accent, Comprehensibility, and Inteligibility.† Language Learning. June 1999, 49, 2. 285-111. Poon-McBrayer, Kim Feng and Shernaz B. Garcia. â€Å"Profiles of Asian American Students with Learning Disabilities at Initial Referral, Assessment, and Place- ment in Special Education.† Journal of Learning Disabilities. Jan/Feb 2001, 33, 1. 61-71. Skinner, Louise and Phyllis Gillespie. â€Å"The Challenge of Adult Literacy: Students with Learning Disabilities in the ABE Classroom.† Adult Basic Education. Fall 2000, 10, 3. Spack, Ruth. â€Å"Student Meets Text, Text Meets Student: Finding a Way into Academic Discourse.† Reading in the Composition Classroom: Second Language Perspectives. Ed. Joan G. Carson and Ilona Leki. Boston: Heinle & Heinle Publishers, 1993. 183-196.

Speaking and Listening on Charity Appeals

Starter: there are many different types of charity appeals most of which we have been exposed to time and time again. Here is a sample charity appeal that we have written and we would like you to say what you think about it Q and A questions: -What was affective about this appeal -What was not so affective -Overall what do you think is better a speech spoken orally or on a tv or radio Appeal follow up: if it is tv – then say personally I think that)In general charity appeals that are spoken orally, like the one i just read out are better because they are more inviting and encouraging to the audience; whereas other more visual ones are harsher with the audience. also people tend to take in more when a person is actually speaking to them face to face as it isn’t as manufactured as the visual appeals. It is straight to the point and even more truthful also the audience can actually feel the emotion coming from the appeal instead of just staring at a TV. General intro: There is no denying that charity appeals, oral or on the television are effective. But really, how effective are they? Do they have an effect on us? Or are we just immune to them? Well, in my personal opinion, I think that Charity appeals do have an effect on us. When we see a charity appeal on television we feel upset or distraught by the images shown and the content. They get the message across very clearly. The general message in a charity appeal is â€Å"People in the western world are very well off, then there are the extremely poor people in poor countries who do not have water or cannot even feed their children† A message like this makes the reader feel guilty and will make them pick that phone up and donate money to these countries. An image of a disastrous earthquake will make the viewer feel upset, however sometimes an image of a man with a tear streaming down his sombre face. Against Although there are many obvious pros to charity appeals there are some negatives that are closely followed by. One main reason is that they are too repetitive, and can become tedious watching the same advert all the time. So in essence people don’t tend to notice them anymore. Also many people have just resorted to changing the channel, because of the appeal being something they’ve seen one too many times or it being too long and dreary. Another thing is that there is now so many charities that nearly every appeal that you hear follows the same obvious message but with a different name at the beginning of it. Likewise some appeals are just too upsetting sure this may create an impact on the viewer but there is a line between evoking some sort of emotion and becoming totally despondent and disheartened in this already depressing world we live In. nother aspect of this is that the charity appeals can be too accessible to younger children in terms of the tv, radio or internet. This may cause the child to become seriously affected by an especially depressing appeal. to children the world is a perfect place so why should charity appeals burst the bubble they live in. Also By having so many charities claiming that they are helping the world tends to make you wonder why hasn’t anything big been achieved yet shouldn’t something like world starvation been sorted out yet?

European Politics Essay

European concretion has a evolutional account. Many Countries struggle to f all told Independences this the further stimulate of the European Nationsstruggle? This paper has discussed the reasons on that point struggle nigh being to ca-ca Independence, early(a)s needed to be autonomous and former(a)s deficient to unite with Russia. They faced some challenges, and were nonionized in parties. European politics is obscure with the continuous micturate _or_ system of government-making evolution. Due to the towering political unity amongst European states as well as the states pine history, European politics is much detailed compargond to opposite continents.The European political make-up has been contri barelyed to by its historical events, culture, parsimony and its geographical location. European Union is dominant in the modern European politics. This occurred since the crumple of the Eastern Bloc of communists states and the fall of cast-iron curtains. After macrocosm War II the EU expand to strugglef beds the East and include 27 states as sections. These states ar contact in the European fan tan. European has been undergoing political transformation even since 1763 to 1787.After the cardinal-spot long sentence contend (1756-63) there was a stability period of heartsease. In 1702-1714, there was the war of the Spanish date, and this was afterward some courses of the great World War. This war took fifty courses. Some British and french statesmen had tried to create a long lasting peace by economic consumption of collective security, but the old contests had not stopped after the Utrecht-Rastatts peace and some much including sumern Europe, Germany, approximate East and Italy developed in the succeed decades.It was in the seven years war of 1756-63 when a climax of forty years of imbalance of struggle for power was reached. This war was bigger than the war of Spanish succession and more blood was shed, and ended up wi th its fighters tired of rubbish and exhausted. The results were decisive in continental theatres as well as in maritime, but in varying at up. Spain was defeated by Britain in the fight for colonies and seas control defeated France on sea, and by Prussia on land. This make France to kick downstairs financially.The aggressive spirit of King Frederick the gigantic of Prussia was decreased at the end of war. European states are part of the global schemes which are political and economically. Almost all European states are parts of European council which is the just Pan-European organization. The activities of the European council are programs that harmonize regulations and legal philosophy amongst the member state in citizenship, bio ethics. Heritage protective covering the linguistic and cultural minority aright among others.In other terms the council gouge be related to regional fluctuation state conjugationtly related to political relation and study alliance. It play s role as a market, with customs merger, usual policy in Agriculture and Fisheries as well as acting as a unmarried currency with thirteen of its twenty seven members adopting. This union constitutes the largest economy worldwide consisting 2007 nominal phrase GDP of 15. 849 million USD. The union principally started as an economic union ahead evolving into a political policy, and this has been contributed by the many political subjects inwardly EU competence.thither has been a debate amongst and within some member states concerning more matuproportionn in political competence of EU. in that location was a military hamper of European states together with unify arouses of America and Canada, ordinarily known as North Atlantic treaty Organization (NATO), which was founded as a collective security as a result of World War II. This alliance targeted to provide defense incase the Soviet Union attacked the European allies of united States. The attack was to be treated a s if it had attacked the United States bearing in estimation it was unruffled of the largest military.They expected to get the high hat defense, but the Soviet never invaded Europe, quite the alliance was convoluted in family line 12th 2001, responding to the previous daylights attack on the United States. GUAM organization for Democracy and Economic Development was form to counter the Russias influence in that area. This collection constituted four commons wealth free states (CIS) that is Georgia, Ukraine, Azerba-Ijan and Moldova, though it was boost and backed up by the United States.It reached a time when it appeared to ingest ceased its consummation but there is a mishap to revive its operation through developments. The common wealth of the independent states (CIS) has few supranational powers, but its a symbolical organization that has power to coordinate trade, security, lawfulness making and finance. It came up with a mature free trade zone between its members , who are 12 states of 15 states of antecedent Soviet Union, excluding Baltic States, in 2005. This federation has enhances cooperation on democratization and has prevented cross moulding crime.In devolutionary pressures, straw mans requiring independence or shore leave varied in politically and popularity hurt depending on campaign, and the kind of movements Georgia has devil region and valued to assemble with Russia, in Italy, there was a small independent movement, and the Lega Nord, the Italian political society, supports, blamed grey Italy for gag ruleing progress and acquire value funds away and condemned them as racial nationalist group. On the other handwriting it supported the Northern Italy. Italy is to be split into cardinal countries, the North and the South.In Netherlands, Frisian National society sought familiarity for Friesland without caring about Fresian culture and without line for total independent. Transylvania belonged to Austria-Hungary befor e the treaty of Triarion. thither is small minority Hungarian ethic who felt equal re unification with Hungary. These are habitants of Romania. The North Caucasus b guild of Russia, supports has movements in search for independence. The home Democrats in United terra firma motto the need for England to devolve. In United nation is composed for a mixture of many parties with various wills.In this state, there are movements and parties that needed independence and at the quasi(prenominal) time some parties wanted to be containd in the Republic of Ireland indeed maxim not need of the responsibility being in the union. After the choice of Victor Yuschenko as a hot lay some areas in Ukraine wanted to join Russia. Ukraine did not only have movements that wanted complete independence, but also the impetus to get high autonomy, after conglutination with Russia. Though some autonomous regions of Spain are peaceful, they violently acquired the peace.In 2006, there were int ernational negotiations to define final posture of Kosovo a Serbias province, which all through had territorial reserve and political dispute between its favorable population and the Serbian government organization. In 1532, some movements in Northern France garbled independence, and they wanted to regain it. These countries in the State had dissentent needs as pertains the movements nature or sooner composition to the kind of campaign. These needs or rather goals varied from obtaining autonomy, attaining independence or the need to reunite with Russia.The Unions membership enlargement poses a political issue arduous to know from the diving the extent at which the block should move. The block location in terms of size and the fear of the block moving very far and including other regions created a challenge to the European Union. European nation is divided into council, fan tan council of European Union and delegacy. The commission has the mandate to capital of Italy up with registration and the use of law each member state is equal by a member. death chair comes from the commission.The unions prime minister has different powers with the death chair Directorate-General (DG) and commissioner, but they have sympathetic roles. The councils have no delegated power to the unions supranational ground toys, and have no treaties official power. The head of state has similar roles to council. Legislative branch of the union incorporate fantan and council, whose formation differs as in the parliament is elective directly plot of ground the council is make and mainly of national ministers. insusceptible areas have lower control of national minister.The powers in the union are given over according to pillars. These pillars are usually cardinal the first one being that of community, the encourage is Common Foreign and Security policy (CFSP) while the third is Police and discriminatory Cooperation in Criminal matters (PJCC). Just to mention, the worl d-class First pillar entails common Fisheries poly, country policy, Environmental law, Immigration Poly, Education and culture among others. The guerilla pillar has security policy and foreign policy and the third pillar deals with human beings trafficking Fraud and bribery, terrorism, weapon export among others.Each pillars principles differ on intergovernmental and supranational basis, supranationalism being high in initiatory pillar. After either five years by grownup suffrage, right to votes are casted. Despite having no select system, there should be a ratio in representing either singly or under a troupe the area at which the votes casting is done throw out be in completely or subdivided, and option threshold should be downstairs five percent. The European law requires to be bound to.The union makes legislative acts and all its members are expected to bind to a direct applied law (regulation, a frame get to of objectives in which a national law in order to give it s goals, and a decision based on particular issue are the recognise forms by which a union pile present its legislative acts. (Hay&Menon,2007). European bases their validation texts on their treaties. The role of the European treaties is to form institution which are given aims of the union, which are set also by the treaties and the institution should always aim at attain the set aims.Currently the European integration is under four treaties, namely the treaty of European nation which was put to naturalize in November 1993 after it was signed on 7th February 1992 in Maastricht. This treaty was involved with security policy and Home Affairs. The Treaty showing European Economic connection (ECC) which was put into action on 1st January 1958 and was signed at the same time with Euratom treaty, in capital of Italy on borderland the 25th of 1957, and due to the place at which it was signed, its usually also referred to as the Treaty of Rome. The treaty of Paris was put to work on 23rd day of July 1952 but expired on 23rd day of July 2002.It was signed on the 18th day of April, 1951, and was involved with putting into place the European steel and coal community. The forth treaty was involved with the development of European nuclear Energy community which is commonly referred to as Euratom Treaty and was signed at Rome on the 25th day of March, 1957. at that place were times when these treaties expired or rejoinder additional or subtraction of some of its terms and roles thence the need for changes and reforms. European political political party is obliged to prosecute transitionally in the state, and is usually funded and recognised by the European Union.Their formation is usually bases on partly parties in the whole Europe. As per the European parliament and commission as there were ten (10) recognized parties by 2006, namely European lot Party which was the first to be make, accordingly the European socialistic Party was formed, followed by Euro pean Liberal Democrat and right Party, the Free Alliance European Party, the European Areas Party, Alliance for Europe of the Nations, European thievery party, European Democratic party, Alliance of nonparasitic Democrats in Europe and EU Democratic, which were formed respectively.These parties mostly consider co-operating and working as a coalition as this makes them stronger and gives the party a chance to get higher financial fund rate from the parliament at the same time ensuring they have access to committees seat which an independent party can consecrate to access due to the cost. To enhance the uniting of parties, however requires that the member states votes for the Groups MEPs should not be less than one-fifth, that its MEPs can create a group of their wish, that all MEPs in a group should be registered in only one group and that, a groups MEPs should be of the same political goal.Its only after fulfilling these requirements that two groups can join and unite to for a co alition gum olibanum enjoying the privileges. The Groups can either be make from many European parties, national parties or be make of MEPs of a undivided European political party. An Account of the changes that the European Socialist Parties have undergone since the Second World War. European Socialist Part (PES) in a party in the European political party composed of equal number of labor, social democratic, and socialist parties from members states of European Union and also from Norway.The socialist party constitutes socialist group in parliament which is composed of more than 200 MEPs and then making the group to be flash largest, in the European parliament. This socialist group was there since 1953 and the socialist party was formed back in 1992. Ever since its the party held the largest single group position in the parliament. After the partys formation in 1953, socialist party Henri Spaak was elected first president, with Guy Mollet elected the first bureau and secretari at apart from being the chair.The socialists attempt to produce a common European socialists program in 1961 being outlaid by an enlargement application. Despite their congress exhausting to enhance more democratization, and parliament powers in 1962, it took them lengthy than they expected since this was considered in 1969, after Kate Strobel MEP attractive the 1st woman chair. They keep to achieve and rule and in 1971s picks saw their member, Walter Behrendt as the second parliament president.It took few years since then when other states joined the community and brought with them some more parties, which enlarged the community as well as the congress. These states included Ireland, United Kingdom and Denmark and after meeting they made social policy in which they were entitled to democracy, comparability and give them the right to work in the European economy. Elections were carried out again in 1975, and socialist Georges Spenale was as the parliaments president. After th e union with Ireland, Denmark and United Kingdom, a confederation of the European communities socialist party was formed.Their was an election pronunciamento, which the confederation signed after the parliaments first direct elections in 1979, and the pronunciamento objective was aimed at ending discrimination, promoting peace, competitiveness pollution and ensuring the ability to decent work among others. They were the largest group in the parliament. Two years after the direct election, its first status was signed and they united with other states like Greece, Portugal and Spain made this party to increase.It did not take the Group long before they saw the need and the privileged of cooperation in 1987 they cooperated with stacks party group thus increasing their number. (Grolier, Inc, 2002). In 1992, the already existing confederation was changed to party of European socialist, whose manifesto had more issues to deal with compare to the election manifesto and the added areas included gender equality, fighting organized crimes and democracy among others. The party had its second leader in the 1994s election after the party won two blow and fifteen (215) out of the getable sextet hundred and twenty six (626).After a five year period of ruling, the parliament refused to sign for plaudit of the commissions EU calculate handling, and this lead to crisis. This was because of the allegation of corruption made to two of the socialists members. The socialists tried to bloc the order made by the commission that the members concerned had to resign, by their president trying to vote confidence vote in the commission, since the PES took the issue as a false allegation made to stop them from participating in the years election.Since socialist were the majority they were on the government side, they decided to stop component part or rather supporting the other party thus facilitating santer commissions to resign. After the five years of ruling, elections was ca rried out, the socialists baffled the votes to peoples party with the winning party attaining two hundred and cardinal three the socialists had only one hundred and eighty. In the 2004 elections the socialist party incapacitated once more by getting only two hundred seats in seven hundred and xxx two seats.The European Political history has been an evolutional process. The struggle was aimed at either attaining independence, or becoming autonomous. The European politics is composed of the parliament headed by a President from a party with the majority seats, the commission, and a council. Each of its constituent has its mandate and powers. The Socialist Party headed in the parliament longer till 1999.